UNIT - IV. Human Anatomy and Physiology - IV

Unit IVA: Endocrine System and Chemical Co-ordination Endocrine Glands and Hormones; Human Endocrine System – Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads; Mechanism of Hormone Action; Role of Hormones as Messengers and Regulators; Hypo and Hyper Activity and Related Disorders: Common Disorders –Dwarfism, Acromegaly, Cretinism, Goiter, Exophthalmic Goiter, Diabetes, Dddison’s Disease, Cushing’s Syndrome

Unit IVA: Endocrine System and Chemical Co-ordination Endocrine Glands and Hormones; Human Endocrine System – Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads; Mechanism of Hormone Action; Role of Hormones as Messengers and Regulators; Hypo and Hyper Activity and Related Disorders: Common Disorders –Dwarfism, Acromegaly, Cretinism, Goiter, Exophthalmic Goiter, Diabetes, Dddison’s Disease, Cushing’s Syndrome

Unit IVA: Endocrine System and Chemical Co-ordination Endocrine Glands and Hormones; Human Endocrine System – Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads; Mechanism of Hormone Action; Role of Hormones as Messengers and Regulators; Hypo and Hyper Activity and Related Disorders: Common Disorders –Dwarfism, Acromegaly, Cretinism, Goiter, Exophthalmic Goiter, Diabetes, Dddison’s Disease, Cushing’s Syndrome

Unit IVA: Endocrine System and Chemical Co-ordination Endocrine Glands and Hormones; Human Endocrine System – Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads; Mechanism of Hormone Action; Role of Hormones as Messengers and Regulators; Hypo and Hyper Activity and Related Disorders: Common Disorders –Dwarfism, Acromegaly, Cretinism, Goiter, Exophthalmic Goiter, Diabetes, Dddison’s Disease, Cushing’s Syndrome

Unit IVA: Endocrine System and Chemical Co-ordination Endocrine Glands and Hormones; Human Endocrine System – Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads; Mechanism of Hormone Action; Role of Hormones as Messengers and Regulators; Hypo and Hyper Activity and Related Disorders: Common Disorders –Dwarfism, Acromegaly, Cretinism, Goiter, Exophthalmic Goiter, Diabetes, Dddison’s Disease, Cushing’s Syndrome

Unit IVA: Endocrine System and Chemical Co-ordination Endocrine Glands and Hormones; Human Endocrine System – Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads; Mechanism of Hormone Action; Role of Hormones as Messengers and Regulators; Hypo and Hyper Activity and Related Disorders: Common Disorders –Dwarfism, Acromegaly, Cretinism, Goiter, Exophthalmic Goiter, Diabetes, Dddison’s Disease, Cushing’s Syndrome

Unit IVA: Endocrine System and Chemical Co-ordination Endocrine Glands and Hormones; Human Endocrine System – Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads; Mechanism of Hormone Action; Role of Hormones as Messengers and Regulators; Hypo and Hyper Activity and Related Disorders: Common Disorders –Dwarfism, Acromegaly, Cretinism, Goiter, Exophthalmic Goiter, Diabetes, Dddison’s Disease, Cushing’s Syndrome

Unit IVA: Endocrine System and Chemical Co-ordination Endocrine Glands and Hormones; Human Endocrine System – Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads; Mechanism of Hormone Action; Role of Hormones as Messengers and Regulators; Hypo and Hyper Activity and Related Disorders: Common Disorders –Dwarfism, Acromegaly, Cretinism, Goiter, Exophthalmic Goiter, Diabetes, Dddison’s Disease, Cushing’s Syndrome

Unit IVA: Endocrine System and Chemical Co-ordination Endocrine Glands and Hormones; Human Endocrine System – Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads; Mechanism of Hormone Action; Role of Hormones as Messengers and Regulators; Hypo and Hyper Activity and Related Disorders: Common Disorders –Dwarfism, Acromegaly, Cretinism, Goiter, Exophthalmic Goiter, Diabetes, Dddison’s Disease, Cushing’s Syndrome

Unit IVA: Endocrine System and Chemical Co-ordination Endocrine Glands and Hormones; Human Endocrine System – Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads; Mechanism of Hormone Action; Role of Hormones as Messengers and Regulators; Hypo and Hyper Activity and Related Disorders: Common Disorders –Dwarfism, Acromegaly, Cretinism, Goiter, Exophthalmic Goiter, Diabetes, Dddison’s Disease, Cushing’s Syndrome

Unit IVA: Endocrine System and Chemical Co-ordination Endocrine Glands and Hormones; Human Endocrine System – Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads; Mechanism of Hormone Action; Role of Hormones as Messengers and Regulators; Hypo and Hyper Activity and Related Disorders: Common Disorders –Dwarfism, Acromegaly, Cretinism, Goiter, Exophthalmic Goiter, Diabetes, Dddison’s Disease, Cushing’s Syndrome

Unit IVA: Endocrine System and Chemical Co-ordination Endocrine Glands and Hormones; Human Endocrine System – Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads; Mechanism of Hormone Action; Role of Hormones as Messengers and Regulators; Hypo and Hyper Activity and Related Disorders: Common Disorders –Dwarfism, Acromegaly, Cretinism, Goiter, Exophthalmic Goiter, Diabetes, Dddison’s Disease, Cushing’s Syndrome

Unit IVA: Endocrine System and Chemical Co-ordination Endocrine Glands and Hormones; Human Endocrine System – Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads; Mechanism of Hormone Action; Role of Hormones as Messengers and Regulators; Hypo and Hyper Activity and Related Disorders: Common Disorders –Dwarfism, Acromegaly, Cretinism, Goiter, Exophthalmic Goiter, Diabetes, Dddison’s Disease, Cushing’s Syndrome

Unit IVA: Endocrine System and Chemical Co-ordination Endocrine Glands and Hormones; Human Endocrine System – Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads; Mechanism of Hormone Action; Role of Hormones as Messengers and Regulators; Hypo and Hyper Activity and Related Disorders: Common Disorders –Dwarfism, Acromegaly, Cretinism, Goiter, Exophthalmic Goiter, Diabetes, Dddison’s Disease, Cushing’s Syndrome

Unit IVA: Endocrine System and Chemical Co-ordination Endocrine Glands and Hormones; Human Endocrine System – Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads; Mechanism of Hormone Action; Role of Hormones as Messengers and Regulators; Hypo and Hyper Activity and Related Disorders: Common Disorders –Dwarfism, Acromegaly, Cretinism, Goiter, Exophthalmic Goiter, Diabetes, Dddison’s Disease, Cushing’s Syndrome

Unit IVA: Endocrine System and Chemical Co-ordination Endocrine Glands and Hormones; Human Endocrine System – Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads; Mechanism of Hormone Action; Role of Hormones as Messengers and Regulators; Hypo and Hyper Activity and Related Disorders: Common Disorders –Dwarfism, Acromegaly, Cretinism, Goiter, Exophthalmic Goiter, Diabetes, Dddison’s Disease, Cushing’s Syndrome

Unit IVB: Immune System - Basic Concepts of Immunology - Types of Immunity - Innate Immunity, Acquired Immunity, Active and Passive Immunity, Cell mediated Immunity and Humoral Immunity, Interferon, HIV and AIDS.

Unit IVB: Immune System - Basic Concepts of Immunology - Types of Immunity - Innate Immunity, Acquired Immunity, Active and Passive Immunity, Cell mediated Immunity and Humoral Immunity, Interferon, HIV and AIDS.

Unit IVB: Immune System - Basic Concepts of Immunology - Types of Immunity - Innate Immunity, Acquired Immunity, Active and Passive Immunity, Cell mediated Immunity and Humoral Immunity, Interferon, HIV and AIDS.

Unit IVB: Immune System - Basic Concepts of Immunology - Types of Immunity - Innate Immunity, Acquired Immunity, Active and Passive Immunity, Cell mediated Immunity and Humoral Immunity, Interferon, HIV and AIDS.

Unit IVB: Immune System - Basic Concepts of Immunology - Types of Immunity - Innate Immunity, Acquired Immunity, Active and Passive Immunity, Cell mediated Immunity and Humoral Immunity, Interferon, HIV and AIDS.

Unit IVB: Immune System - Basic Concepts of Immunology - Types of Immunity - Innate Immunity, Acquired Immunity, Active and Passive Immunity, Cell mediated Immunity and Humoral Immunity, Interferon, HIV and AIDS.

UNIT – I. Human Anatomy and Physiology - I

Unit I A: Digestion and Absorption- Alimentary Canal and Digestive Glands; Role of Digestive Enzymes and Gastrointestinal Hormones; Peristalsis, Digestion, Absorption and Assimilation of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats, Egestion, Calorific Value of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats; Nutritional Disorders: Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM), Indigestion, Constipation, Vomiting, Jaundice, Diarrhea, Kwashiorkor

Unit I A: Digestion and Absorption- Alimentary Canal and Digestive Glands; Role of Digestive Enzymes and Gastrointestinal Hormones; Peristalsis, Digestion, Absorption and Assimilation of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats, Egestion, Calorific Value of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats; Nutritional Disorders: Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM), Indigestion, Constipation, Vomiting, Jaundice, Diarrhea, Kwashiorkor

Unit I A: Digestion and Absorption- Alimentary Canal and Digestive Glands; Role of Digestive Enzymes and Gastrointestinal Hormones; Peristalsis, Digestion, Absorption and Assimilation of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats, Egestion, Calorific Value of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats; Nutritional Disorders: Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM), Indigestion, Constipation, Vomiting, Jaundice, Diarrhea, Kwashiorkor

Unit I A: Digestion and Absorption- Alimentary Canal and Digestive Glands; Role of Digestive Enzymes and Gastrointestinal Hormones; Peristalsis, Digestion, Absorption and Assimilation of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats, Egestion, Calorific Value of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats; Nutritional Disorders: Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM), Indigestion, Constipation, Vomiting, Jaundice, Diarrhea, Kwashiorkor

Unit I A: Digestion and Absorption- Alimentary Canal and Digestive Glands; Role of Digestive Enzymes and Gastrointestinal Hormones; Peristalsis, Digestion, Absorption and Assimilation of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats, Egestion, Calorific Value of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats; Nutritional Disorders: Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM), Indigestion, Constipation, Vomiting, Jaundice, Diarrhea, Kwashiorkor

Unit I A: Digestion and Absorption- Alimentary Canal and Digestive Glands; Role of Digestive Enzymes and Gastrointestinal Hormones; Peristalsis, Digestion, Absorption and Assimilation of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats, Egestion, Calorific Value of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats; Nutritional Disorders: Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM), Indigestion, Constipation, Vomiting, Jaundice, Diarrhea, Kwashiorkor

Unit I A: Digestion and Absorption- Alimentary Canal and Digestive Glands; Role of Digestive Enzymes and Gastrointestinal Hormones; Peristalsis, Digestion, Absorption and Assimilation of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats, Egestion, Calorific Value of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats; Nutritional Disorders: Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM), Indigestion, Constipation, Vomiting, Jaundice, Diarrhea, Kwashiorkor

Unit I A: Digestion and Absorption- Alimentary Canal and Digestive Glands; Role of Digestive Enzymes and Gastrointestinal Hormones; Peristalsis, Digestion, Absorption and Assimilation of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats, Egestion, Calorific Value of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats; Nutritional Disorders: Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM), Indigestion, Constipation, Vomiting, Jaundice, Diarrhea, Kwashiorkor

Unit I A: Digestion and Absorption- Alimentary Canal and Digestive Glands; Role of Digestive Enzymes and Gastrointestinal Hormones; Peristalsis, Digestion, Absorption and Assimilation of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats, Egestion, Calorific Value of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats; Nutritional Disorders: Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM), Indigestion, Constipation, Vomiting, Jaundice, Diarrhea, Kwashiorkor

Unit I A: Digestion and Absorption- Alimentary Canal and Digestive Glands; Role of Digestive Enzymes and Gastrointestinal Hormones; Peristalsis, Digestion, Absorption and Assimilation of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats, Egestion, Calorific Value of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats; Nutritional Disorders: Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM), Indigestion, Constipation, Vomiting, Jaundice, Diarrhea, Kwashiorkor

Unit I A: Digestion and Absorption- Alimentary Canal and Digestive Glands; Role of Digestive Enzymes and Gastrointestinal Hormones; Peristalsis, Digestion, Absorption and Assimilation of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats, Egestion, Calorific Value of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats; Nutritional Disorders: Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM), Indigestion, Constipation, Vomiting, Jaundice, Diarrhea, Kwashiorkor

Unit I A: Digestion and Absorption- Alimentary Canal and Digestive Glands; Role of Digestive Enzymes and Gastrointestinal Hormones; Peristalsis, Digestion, Absorption and Assimilation of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats, Egestion, Calorific Value of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats; Nutritional Disorders: Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM), Indigestion, Constipation, Vomiting, Jaundice, Diarrhea, Kwashiorkor

Unit I A: Digestion and Absorption- Alimentary Canal and Digestive Glands; Role of Digestive Enzymes and Gastrointestinal Hormones; Peristalsis, Digestion, Absorption and Assimilation of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats, Egestion, Calorific Value of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats; Nutritional Disorders: Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM), Indigestion, Constipation, Vomiting, Jaundice, Diarrhea, Kwashiorkor

Unit I A: Digestion and Absorption- Alimentary Canal and Digestive Glands; Role of Digestive Enzymes and Gastrointestinal Hormones; Peristalsis, Digestion, Absorption and Assimilation of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats, Egestion, Calorific Value of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats; Nutritional Disorders: Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM), Indigestion, Constipation, Vomiting, Jaundice, Diarrhea, Kwashiorkor

Unit I A: Digestion and Absorption- Alimentary Canal and Digestive Glands; Role of Digestive Enzymes and Gastrointestinal Hormones; Peristalsis, Digestion, Absorption and Assimilation of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats, Egestion, Calorific Value of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats; Nutritional Disorders: Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM), Indigestion, Constipation, Vomiting, Jaundice, Diarrhea, Kwashiorkor

Unit I A: Digestion and Absorption- Alimentary Canal and Digestive Glands; Role of Digestive Enzymes and Gastrointestinal Hormones; Peristalsis, Digestion, Absorption and Assimilation of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats, Egestion, Calorific Value of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats; Nutritional Disorders: Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM), Indigestion, Constipation, Vomiting, Jaundice, Diarrhea, Kwashiorkor

Unit I A: Digestion and Absorption- Alimentary Canal and Digestive Glands; Role of Digestive Enzymes and Gastrointestinal Hormones; Peristalsis, Digestion, Absorption and Assimilation of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats, Egestion, Calorific Value of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats; Nutritional Disorders: Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM), Indigestion, Constipation, Vomiting, Jaundice, Diarrhea, Kwashiorkor

Unit I A: Digestion and Absorption- Alimentary Canal and Digestive Glands; Role of Digestive Enzymes and Gastrointestinal Hormones; Peristalsis, Digestion, Absorption and Assimilation of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats, Egestion, Calorific Value of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats; Nutritional Disorders: Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM), Indigestion, Constipation, Vomiting, Jaundice, Diarrhea, Kwashiorkor

Unit I A: Digestion and Absorption- Alimentary Canal and Digestive Glands; Role of Digestive Enzymes and Gastrointestinal Hormones; Peristalsis, Digestion, Absorption and Assimilation of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats, Egestion, Calorific Value of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats; Nutritional Disorders: Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM), Indigestion, Constipation, Vomiting, Jaundice, Diarrhea, Kwashiorkor

Unit I B: Breathing and Respiration - Respiratory Organs in Animals; Respiratory System in Humans; Mechanism of Breathing and Its Regulation in Humans - Exchange of Gases, Transport of Gases and Regulation of Respiration; Respiratory Volumes; Respiratory Disorders: Asthma, Emphysema, Occupational Respiratory Disorders – Asbestosis, Silicosis, Siderosis, Black Lung Disease in Coal Miners

Unit I B: Breathing and Respiration - Respiratory Organs in Animals; Respiratory System in Humans; Mechanism of Breathing and Its Regulation in Humans - Exchange of Gases, Transport of Gases and Regulation of Respiration; Respiratory Volumes; Respiratory Disorders: Asthma, Emphysema, Occupational Respiratory Disorders – Asbestosis, Silicosis, Siderosis, Black Lung Disease in Coal Miners

Unit I B: Breathing and Respiration - Respiratory Organs in Animals; Respiratory System in Humans; Mechanism of Breathing and Its Regulation in Humans - Exchange of Gases, Transport of Gases and Regulation of Respiration; Respiratory Volumes; Respiratory Disorders: Asthma, Emphysema, Occupational Respiratory Disorders – Asbestosis, Silicosis, Siderosis, Black Lung Disease in Coal Miners

Unit I B: Breathing and Respiration - Respiratory Organs in Animals; Respiratory System in Humans; Mechanism of Breathing and Its Regulation in Humans - Exchange of Gases, Transport of Gases and Regulation of Respiration; Respiratory Volumes; Respiratory Disorders: Asthma, Emphysema, Occupational Respiratory Disorders – Asbestosis, Silicosis, Siderosis, Black Lung Disease in Coal Miners

Unit I B: Breathing and Respiration - Respiratory Organs in Animals; Respiratory System in Humans; Mechanism of Breathing and Its Regulation in Humans - Exchange of Gases, Transport of Gases and Regulation of Respiration; Respiratory Volumes; Respiratory Disorders: Asthma, Emphysema, Occupational Respiratory Disorders – Asbestosis, Silicosis, Siderosis, Black Lung Disease in Coal Miners

Unit I B: Breathing and Respiration - Respiratory Organs in Animals; Respiratory System in Humans; Mechanism of Breathing and Its Regulation in Humans - Exchange of Gases, Transport of Gases and Regulation of Respiration; Respiratory Volumes; Respiratory Disorders: Asthma, Emphysema, Occupational Respiratory Disorders – Asbestosis, Silicosis, Siderosis, Black Lung Disease in Coal Miners

Unit I B: Breathing and Respiration - Respiratory Organs in Animals; Respiratory System in Humans; Mechanism of Breathing and Its Regulation in Humans - Exchange of Gases, Transport of Gases and Regulation of Respiration; Respiratory Volumes; Respiratory Disorders: Asthma, Emphysema, Occupational Respiratory Disorders – Asbestosis, Silicosis, Siderosis, Black Lung Disease in Coal Miners

Unit I B: Breathing and Respiration - Respiratory Organs in Animals; Respiratory System in Humans; Mechanism of Breathing and Its Regulation in Humans - Exchange of Gases, Transport of Gases and Regulation of Respiration; Respiratory Volumes; Respiratory Disorders: Asthma, Emphysema, Occupational Respiratory Disorders – Asbestosis, Silicosis, Siderosis, Black Lung Disease in Coal Miners

Unit I B: Breathing and Respiration - Respiratory Organs in Animals; Respiratory System in Humans; Mechanism of Breathing and Its Regulation in Humans - Exchange of Gases, Transport of Gases and Regulation of Respiration; Respiratory Volumes; Respiratory Disorders: Asthma, Emphysema, Occupational Respiratory Disorders – Asbestosis, Silicosis, Siderosis, Black Lung Disease in Coal Miners

Unit I B: Breathing and Respiration - Respiratory Organs in Animals; Respiratory System in Humans; Mechanism of Breathing and Its Regulation in Humans - Exchange of Gases, Transport of Gases and Regulation of Respiration; Respiratory Volumes; Respiratory Disorders: Asthma, Emphysema, Occupational Respiratory Disorders – Asbestosis, Silicosis, Siderosis, Black Lung Disease in Coal Miners

Unit I B: Breathing and Respiration - Respiratory Organs in Animals; Respiratory System in Humans; Mechanism of Breathing and Its Regulation in Humans - Exchange of Gases, Transport of Gases and Regulation of Respiration; Respiratory Volumes; Respiratory Disorders: Asthma, Emphysema, Occupational Respiratory Disorders – Asbestosis, Silicosis, Siderosis, Black Lung Disease in Coal Miners

Unit I B: Breathing and Respiration - Respiratory Organs in Animals; Respiratory System in Humans; Mechanism of Breathing and Its Regulation in Humans - Exchange of Gases, Transport of Gases and Regulation of Respiration; Respiratory Volumes; Respiratory Disorders: Asthma, Emphysema, Occupational Respiratory Disorders – Asbestosis, Silicosis, Siderosis, Black Lung Disease in Coal Miners

Unit I B: Breathing and Respiration - Respiratory Organs in Animals; Respiratory System in Humans; Mechanism of Breathing and Its Regulation in Humans - Exchange of Gases, Transport of Gases and Regulation of Respiration; Respiratory Volumes; Respiratory Disorders: Asthma, Emphysema, Occupational Respiratory Disorders – Asbestosis, Silicosis, Siderosis, Black Lung Disease in Coal Miners

Unit I B: Breathing and Respiration - Respiratory Organs in Animals; Respiratory System in Humans; Mechanism of Breathing and Its Regulation in Humans - Exchange of Gases, Transport of Gases and Regulation of Respiration; Respiratory Volumes; Respiratory Disorders: Asthma, Emphysema, Occupational Respiratory Disorders – Asbestosis, Silicosis, Siderosis, Black Lung Disease in Coal Miners

UNIT - II. Human Anatomy and Physiology - II

Unit II A: Body Fluids and Circulation Covered in I year - Composition of Lymph and Functions; Clotting of Blood; Human Circulatory System – Structure of Human Heart and Blood Vessels; Cardiac Cycle, Cardiac Output, Double Circulation; Regulation of Cardiac Cctivity; Disorders of Circulatory System: Hypertension, Coronary Artery Disease, Angina Pectoris, Heart Failure

Unit II A: Body Fluids and Circulation Covered in I year - Composition of Lymph and Functions; Clotting of Blood; Human Circulatory System – Structure of Human Heart and Blood Vessels; Cardiac Cycle, Cardiac Output, Double Circulation; Regulation of Cardiac Cctivity; Disorders of Circulatory System: Hypertension, Coronary Artery Disease, Angina Pectoris, Heart Failure

Unit II A: Body Fluids and Circulation Covered in I year - Composition of Lymph and Functions; Clotting of Blood; Human Circulatory System – Structure of Human Heart and Blood Vessels; Cardiac Cycle, Cardiac Output, Double Circulation; Regulation of Cardiac Cctivity; Disorders of Circulatory System: Hypertension, Coronary Artery Disease, Angina Pectoris, Heart Failure

Unit II A: Body Fluids and Circulation Covered in I year - Composition of Lymph and Functions; Clotting of Blood; Human Circulatory System – Structure of Human Heart and Blood Vessels; Cardiac Cycle, Cardiac Output, Double Circulation; Regulation of Cardiac Cctivity; Disorders of Circulatory System: Hypertension, Coronary Artery Disease, Angina Pectoris, Heart Failure

Unit II A: Body Fluids and Circulation Covered in I year - Composition of Lymph and Functions; Clotting of Blood; Human Circulatory System – Structure of Human Heart and Blood Vessels; Cardiac Cycle, Cardiac Output, Double Circulation; Regulation of Cardiac Cctivity; Disorders of Circulatory System: Hypertension, Coronary Artery Disease, Angina Pectoris, Heart Failure

Unit II A: Body Fluids and Circulation Covered in I year - Composition of Lymph and Functions; Clotting of Blood; Human Circulatory System – Structure of Human Heart and Blood Vessels; Cardiac Cycle, Cardiac Output, Double Circulation; Regulation of Cardiac Cctivity; Disorders of Circulatory System: Hypertension, Coronary Artery Disease, Angina Pectoris, Heart Failure

Unit II A: Body Fluids and Circulation Covered in I year - Composition of Lymph and Functions; Clotting of Blood; Human Circulatory System – Structure of Human Heart and Blood Vessels; Cardiac Cycle, Cardiac Output, Double Circulation; Regulation of Cardiac Cctivity; Disorders of Circulatory System: Hypertension, Coronary Artery Disease, Angina Pectoris, Heart Failure

Unit II A: Body Fluids and Circulation Covered in I year - Composition of Lymph and Functions; Clotting of Blood; Human Circulatory System – Structure of Human Heart and Blood Vessels; Cardiac Cycle, Cardiac Output, Double Circulation; Regulation of Cardiac Cctivity; Disorders of Circulatory System: Hypertension, Coronary Artery Disease, Angina Pectoris, Heart Failure

Unit II A: Body Fluids and Circulation Covered in I year - Composition of Lymph and Functions; Clotting of Blood; Human Circulatory System – Structure of Human Heart and Blood Vessels; Cardiac Cycle, Cardiac Output, Double Circulation; Regulation of Cardiac Cctivity; Disorders of Circulatory System: Hypertension, Coronary Artery Disease, Angina Pectoris, Heart Failure

Unit II A: Body Fluids and Circulation Covered in I year - Composition of Lymph and Functions; Clotting of Blood; Human Circulatory System – Structure of Human Heart and Blood Vessels; Cardiac Cycle, Cardiac Output, Double Circulation; Regulation of Cardiac Cctivity; Disorders of Circulatory System: Hypertension, Coronary Artery Disease, Angina Pectoris, Heart Failure

Unit II A: Body Fluids and Circulation Covered in I year - Composition of Lymph and Functions; Clotting of Blood; Human Circulatory System – Structure of Human Heart and Blood Vessels; Cardiac Cycle, Cardiac Output, Double Circulation; Regulation of Cardiac Cctivity; Disorders of Circulatory System: Hypertension, Coronary Artery Disease, Angina Pectoris, Heart Failure

Unit II A: Body Fluids and Circulation Covered in I year - Composition of Lymph and Functions; Clotting of Blood; Human Circulatory System – Structure of Human Heart and Blood Vessels; Cardiac Cycle, Cardiac Output, Double Circulation; Regulation of Cardiac Cctivity; Disorders of Circulatory System: Hypertension, Coronary Artery Disease, Angina Pectoris, Heart Failure

Unit II A: Body Fluids and Circulation Covered in I year - Composition of Lymph and Functions; Clotting of Blood; Human Circulatory System – Structure of Human Heart and Blood Vessels; Cardiac Cycle, Cardiac Output, Double Circulation; Regulation of Cardiac Cctivity; Disorders of Circulatory System: Hypertension, Coronary Artery Disease, Angina Pectoris, Heart Failure

Unit II B: Excretory Products and Their Elimination, Modes of Excretion – Ammonotelism, Ureotelism, Uricotelism; Human Excretory System – Structure of Kidney and Nephron; Urine Formation, Osmoregulation; Regulation of Kidney Function –Renin Angiotension – Aldosterone System, Atrial Natriuretic Factor, ADH and Diabetes Insipidus; Role of Other Organs in Excretion; Disorders: Uraemia, Renal Failure, Renal Calculi, Nephritis, Dialysis using Artificial Kidney

Unit II B: Excretory Products and Their Elimination, Modes of Excretion – Ammonotelism, Ureotelism, Uricotelism; Human Excretory System – Structure of Kidney and Nephron; Urine Formation, Osmoregulation; Regulation of Kidney Function –Renin Angiotension – Aldosterone System, Atrial Natriuretic Factor, ADH and Diabetes Insipidus; Role of Other Organs in Excretion; Disorders: Uraemia, Renal Failure, Renal Calculi, Nephritis, Dialysis using Artificial Kidney

Unit II B: Excretory Products and Their Elimination, Modes of Excretion – Ammonotelism, Ureotelism, Uricotelism; Human Excretory System – Structure of Kidney and Nephron; Urine Formation, Osmoregulation; Regulation of Kidney Function –Renin Angiotension – Aldosterone System, Atrial Natriuretic Factor, ADH and Diabetes Insipidus; Role of Other Organs in Excretion; Disorders: Uraemia, Renal Failure, Renal Calculi, Nephritis, Dialysis using Artificial Kidney

Unit II B: Excretory Products and Their Elimination, Modes of Excretion – Ammonotelism, Ureotelism, Uricotelism; Human Excretory System – Structure of Kidney and Nephron; Urine Formation, Osmoregulation; Regulation of Kidney Function –Renin Angiotension – Aldosterone System, Atrial Natriuretic Factor, ADH and Diabetes Insipidus; Role of Other Organs in Excretion; Disorders: Uraemia, Renal Failure, Renal Calculi, Nephritis, Dialysis using Artificial Kidney

Unit II B: Excretory Products and Their Elimination, Modes of Excretion – Ammonotelism, Ureotelism, Uricotelism; Human Excretory System – Structure of Kidney and Nephron; Urine Formation, Osmoregulation; Regulation of Kidney Function –Renin Angiotension – Aldosterone System, Atrial Natriuretic Factor, ADH and Diabetes Insipidus; Role of Other Organs in Excretion; Disorders: Uraemia, Renal Failure, Renal Calculi, Nephritis, Dialysis using Artificial Kidney

Unit II B: Excretory Products and Their Elimination, Modes of Excretion – Ammonotelism, Ureotelism, Uricotelism; Human Excretory System – Structure of Kidney and Nephron; Urine Formation, Osmoregulation; Regulation of Kidney Function –Renin Angiotension – Aldosterone System, Atrial Natriuretic Factor, ADH and Diabetes Insipidus; Role of Other Organs in Excretion; Disorders: Uraemia, Renal Failure, Renal Calculi, Nephritis, Dialysis using Artificial Kidney

Unit II B: Excretory Products and Their Elimination, Modes of Excretion – Ammonotelism, Ureotelism, Uricotelism; Human Excretory System – Structure of Kidney and Nephron; Urine Formation, Osmoregulation; Regulation of Kidney Function –Renin Angiotension – Aldosterone System, Atrial Natriuretic Factor, ADH and Diabetes Insipidus; Role of Other Organs in Excretion; Disorders: Uraemia, Renal Failure, Renal Calculi, Nephritis, Dialysis using Artificial Kidney

Unit II B: Excretory Products and Their Elimination, Modes of Excretion – Ammonotelism, Ureotelism, Uricotelism; Human Excretory System – Structure of Kidney and Nephron; Urine Formation, Osmoregulation; Regulation of Kidney Function –Renin Angiotension – Aldosterone System, Atrial Natriuretic Factor, ADH and Diabetes Insipidus; Role of Other Organs in Excretion; Disorders: Uraemia, Renal Failure, Renal Calculi, Nephritis, Dialysis using Artificial Kidney

Unit II B: Excretory Products and Their Elimination, Modes of Excretion – Ammonotelism, Ureotelism, Uricotelism; Human Excretory System – Structure of Kidney and Nephron; Urine Formation, Osmoregulation; Regulation of Kidney Function –Renin Angiotension – Aldosterone System, Atrial Natriuretic Factor, ADH and Diabetes Insipidus; Role of Other Organs in Excretion; Disorders: Uraemia, Renal Failure, Renal Calculi, Nephritis, Dialysis using Artificial Kidney

Unit II B: Excretory Products and Their Elimination, Modes of Excretion – Ammonotelism, Ureotelism, Uricotelism; Human Excretory System – Structure of Kidney and Nephron; Urine Formation, Osmoregulation; Regulation of Kidney Function –Renin Angiotension – Aldosterone System, Atrial Natriuretic Factor, ADH and Diabetes Insipidus; Role of Other Organs in Excretion; Disorders: Uraemia, Renal Failure, Renal Calculi, Nephritis, Dialysis using Artificial Kidney

Unit II B: Excretory Products and Their Elimination, Modes of Excretion – Ammonotelism, Ureotelism, Uricotelism; Human Excretory System – Structure of Kidney and Nephron; Urine Formation, Osmoregulation; Regulation of Kidney Function –Renin Angiotension – Aldosterone System, Atrial Natriuretic Factor, ADH and Diabetes Insipidus; Role of Other Organs in Excretion; Disorders: Uraemia, Renal Failure, Renal Calculi, Nephritis, Dialysis using Artificial Kidney

Unit II B: Excretory Products and Their Elimination, Modes of Excretion – Ammonotelism, Ureotelism, Uricotelism; Human Excretory System – Structure of Kidney and Nephron; Urine Formation, Osmoregulation; Regulation of Kidney Function –Renin Angiotension – Aldosterone System, Atrial Natriuretic Factor, ADH and Diabetes Insipidus; Role of Other Organs in Excretion; Disorders: Uraemia, Renal Failure, Renal Calculi, Nephritis, Dialysis using Artificial Kidney

Unit II B: Excretory Products and Their Elimination, Modes of Excretion – Ammonotelism, Ureotelism, Uricotelism; Human Excretory System – Structure of Kidney and Nephron; Urine Formation, Osmoregulation; Regulation of Kidney Function –Renin Angiotension – Aldosterone System, Atrial Natriuretic Factor, ADH and Diabetes Insipidus; Role of Other Organs in Excretion; Disorders: Uraemia, Renal Failure, Renal Calculi, Nephritis, Dialysis using Artificial Kidney

Unit II B: Excretory Products and Their Elimination, Modes of Excretion – Ammonotelism, Ureotelism, Uricotelism; Human Excretory System – Structure of Kidney and Nephron; Urine Formation, Osmoregulation; Regulation of Kidney Function –Renin Angiotension – Aldosterone System, Atrial Natriuretic Factor, ADH and Diabetes Insipidus; Role of Other Organs in Excretion; Disorders: Uraemia, Renal Failure, Renal Calculi, Nephritis, Dialysis using Artificial Kidney

Unit II B: Excretory Products and Their Elimination, Modes of Excretion – Ammonotelism, Ureotelism, Uricotelism; Human Excretory System – Structure of Kidney and Nephron; Urine Formation, Osmoregulation; Regulation of Kidney Function –Renin Angiotension – Aldosterone System, Atrial Natriuretic Factor, ADH and Diabetes Insipidus; Role of Other Organs in Excretion; Disorders: Uraemia, Renal Failure, Renal Calculi, Nephritis, Dialysis using Artificial Kidney

Unit II B: Excretory Products and Their Elimination, Modes of Excretion – Ammonotelism, Ureotelism, Uricotelism; Human Excretory System – Structure of Kidney and Nephron; Urine Formation, Osmoregulation; Regulation of Kidney Function –Renin Angiotension – Aldosterone System, Atrial Natriuretic Factor, ADH and Diabetes Insipidus; Role of Other Organs in Excretion; Disorders: Uraemia, Renal Failure, Renal Calculi, Nephritis, Dialysis using Artificial Kidney

Unit II B: Excretory Products and Their Elimination, Modes of Excretion – Ammonotelism, Ureotelism, Uricotelism; Human Excretory System – Structure of Kidney and Nephron; Urine Formation, Osmoregulation; Regulation of Kidney Function –Renin Angiotension – Aldosterone System, Atrial Natriuretic Factor, ADH and Diabetes Insipidus; Role of Other Organs in Excretion; Disorders: Uraemia, Renal Failure, Renal Calculi, Nephritis, Dialysis using Artificial Kidney

Unit II B: Excretory Products and Their Elimination, Modes of Excretion – Ammonotelism, Ureotelism, Uricotelism; Human Excretory System – Structure of Kidney and Nephron; Urine Formation, Osmoregulation; Regulation of Kidney Function –Renin Angiotension – Aldosterone System, Atrial Natriuretic Factor, ADH and Diabetes Insipidus; Role of Other Organs in Excretion; Disorders: Uraemia, Renal Failure, Renal Calculi, Nephritis, Dialysis using Artificial Kidney

UNIT - III. Human Anatomy and Physiology - III

Unit IIIA: Muscular and Skeletal System, Skeletal Muscle – Ultra Structure; Contractile Proteins & Muscle Contraction; Skeletal System and Its Functions; Joints; Disorders of the Muscular and Skeletal System: Myasthenia Gravis, Tetany, Muscular Dystrophy, Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Gout, Regormortis

Unit IIIA: Muscular and Skeletal System, Skeletal Muscle – Ultra Structure; Contractile Proteins & Muscle Contraction; Skeletal System and Its Functions; Joints; Disorders of the Muscular and Skeletal System: Myasthenia Gravis, Tetany, Muscular Dystrophy, Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Gout, Regormortis

Unit IIIA: Muscular and Skeletal System, Skeletal Muscle – Ultra Structure; Contractile Proteins & Muscle Contraction; Skeletal System and Its Functions; Joints; Disorders of the Muscular and Skeletal System: Myasthenia Gravis, Tetany, Muscular Dystrophy, Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Gout, Regormortis

Unit IIIA: Muscular and Skeletal System, Skeletal Muscle – Ultra Structure; Contractile Proteins & Muscle Contraction; Skeletal System and Its Functions; Joints; Disorders of the Muscular and Skeletal System: Myasthenia Gravis, Tetany, Muscular Dystrophy, Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Gout, Regormortis

Unit IIIA: Muscular and Skeletal System, Skeletal Muscle – Ultra Structure; Contractile Proteins & Muscle Contraction; Skeletal System and Its Functions; Joints; Disorders of the Muscular and Skeletal System: Myasthenia Gravis, Tetany, Muscular Dystrophy, Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Gout, Regormortis

Unit IIIA: Muscular and Skeletal System, Skeletal Muscle – Ultra Structure; Contractile Proteins & Muscle Contraction; Skeletal System and Its Functions; Joints; Disorders of the Muscular and Skeletal System: Myasthenia Gravis, Tetany, Muscular Dystrophy, Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Gout, Regormortis

Unit IIIA: Muscular and Skeletal System, Skeletal Muscle – Ultra Structure; Contractile Proteins & Muscle Contraction; Skeletal System and Its Functions; Joints; Disorders of the Muscular and Skeletal System: Myasthenia Gravis, Tetany, Muscular Dystrophy, Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Gout, Regormortis

Unit IIIA: Muscular and Skeletal System, Skeletal Muscle – Ultra Structure; Contractile Proteins & Muscle Contraction; Skeletal System and Its Functions; Joints; Disorders of the Muscular and Skeletal System: Myasthenia Gravis, Tetany, Muscular Dystrophy, Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Gout, Regormortis

Unit IIIA: Muscular and Skeletal System, Skeletal Muscle – Ultra Structure; Contractile Proteins & Muscle Contraction; Skeletal System and Its Functions; Joints; Disorders of the Muscular and Skeletal System: Myasthenia Gravis, Tetany, Muscular Dystrophy, Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Gout, Regormortis

Unit IIIA: Muscular and Skeletal System, Skeletal Muscle – Ultra Structure; Contractile Proteins & Muscle Contraction; Skeletal System and Its Functions; Joints; Disorders of the Muscular and Skeletal System: Myasthenia Gravis, Tetany, Muscular Dystrophy, Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Gout, Regormortis

Unit IIIA: Muscular and Skeletal System, Skeletal Muscle – Ultra Structure; Contractile Proteins & Muscle Contraction; Skeletal System and Its Functions; Joints; Disorders of the Muscular and Skeletal System: Myasthenia Gravis, Tetany, Muscular Dystrophy, Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Gout, Regormortis

Unit IIIA: Muscular and Skeletal System, Skeletal Muscle – Ultra Structure; Contractile Proteins & Muscle Contraction; Skeletal System and Its Functions; Joints; Disorders of the Muscular and Skeletal System: Myasthenia Gravis, Tetany, Muscular Dystrophy, Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Gout, Regormortis

Unit III B: Neural Control and Co-ordination, Nervous System in Human Beings – Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System and Visceral Nervous System; Generation and Conduction of Nerve Impulse; Reflex Action; Sensory Perception; Sense Organs; Brief Description of Other Receptors; Elementary Structure and Functioning of Eye and Ear

Unit III B: Neural Control and Co-ordination, Nervous System in Human Beings – Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System and Visceral Nervous System; Generation and Conduction of Nerve Impulse; Reflex Action; Sensory Perception; Sense Organs; Brief Description of Other Receptors; Elementary Structure and Functioning of Eye and Ear

Unit III B: Neural Control and Co-ordination, Nervous System in Human Beings – Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System and Visceral Nervous System; Generation and Conduction of Nerve Impulse; Reflex Action; Sensory Perception; Sense Organs; Brief Description of Other Receptors; Elementary Structure and Functioning of Eye and Ear

Unit III B: Neural Control and Co-ordination, Nervous System in Human Beings – Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System and Visceral Nervous System; Generation and Conduction of Nerve Impulse; Reflex Action; Sensory Perception; Sense Organs; Brief Description of Other Receptors; Elementary Structure and Functioning of Eye and Ear

Unit III B: Neural Control and Co-ordination, Nervous System in Human Beings – Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System and Visceral Nervous System; Generation and Conduction of Nerve Impulse; Reflex Action; Sensory Perception; Sense Organs; Brief Description of Other Receptors; Elementary Structure and Functioning of Eye and Ear

Unit III B: Neural Control and Co-ordination, Nervous System in Human Beings – Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System and Visceral Nervous System; Generation and Conduction of Nerve Impulse; Reflex Action; Sensory Perception; Sense Organs; Brief Description of Other Receptors; Elementary Structure and Functioning of Eye and Ear

Unit III B: Neural Control and Co-ordination, Nervous System in Human Beings – Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System and Visceral Nervous System; Generation and Conduction of Nerve Impulse; Reflex Action; Sensory Perception; Sense Organs; Brief Description of Other Receptors; Elementary Structure and Functioning of Eye and Ear

Unit III B: Neural Control and Co-ordination, Nervous System in Human Beings – Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System and Visceral Nervous System; Generation and Conduction of Nerve Impulse; Reflex Action; Sensory Perception; Sense Organs; Brief Description of Other Receptors; Elementary Structure and Functioning of Eye and Ear

Unit III B: Neural Control and Co-ordination, Nervous System in Human Beings – Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System and Visceral Nervous System; Generation and Conduction of Nerve Impulse; Reflex Action; Sensory Perception; Sense Organs; Brief Description of Other Receptors; Elementary Structure and Functioning of Eye and Ear

Unit III B: Neural Control and Co-ordination, Nervous System in Human Beings – Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System and Visceral Nervous System; Generation and Conduction of Nerve Impulse; Reflex Action; Sensory Perception; Sense Organs; Brief Description of Other Receptors; Elementary Structure and Functioning of Eye and Ear

Unit III B: Neural Control and Co-ordination, Nervous System in Human Beings – Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System and Visceral Nervous System; Generation and Conduction of Nerve Impulse; Reflex Action; Sensory Perception; Sense Organs; Brief Description of Other Receptors; Elementary Structure and Functioning of Eye and Ear

Unit III B: Neural Control and Co-ordination, Nervous System in Human Beings – Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System and Visceral Nervous System; Generation and Conduction of Nerve Impulse; Reflex Action; Sensory Perception; Sense Organs; Brief Description of Other Receptors; Elementary Structure and Functioning of Eye and Ear

Unit III B: Neural Control and Co-ordination, Nervous System in Human Beings – Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System and Visceral Nervous System; Generation and Conduction of Nerve Impulse; Reflex Action; Sensory Perception; Sense Organs; Brief Description of Other Receptors; Elementary Structure and Functioning of Eye and Ear

Unit III B: Neural Control and Co-ordination, Nervous System in Human Beings – Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System and Visceral Nervous System; Generation and Conduction of Nerve Impulse; Reflex Action; Sensory Perception; Sense Organs; Brief Description of Other Receptors; Elementary Structure and Functioning of Eye and Ear

Unit III B: Neural Control and Co-ordination, Nervous System in Human Beings – Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System and Visceral Nervous System; Generation and Conduction of Nerve Impulse; Reflex Action; Sensory Perception; Sense Organs; Brief Description of Other Receptors; Elementary Structure and Functioning of Eye and Ear

Unit III B: Neural Control and Co-ordination, Nervous System in Human Beings – Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System and Visceral Nervous System; Generation and Conduction of Nerve Impulse; Reflex Action; Sensory Perception; Sense Organs; Brief Description of Other Receptors; Elementary Structure and Functioning of Eye and Ear

Unit III B: Neural Control and Co-ordination, Nervous System in Human Beings – Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System and Visceral Nervous System; Generation and Conduction of Nerve Impulse; Reflex Action; Sensory Perception; Sense Organs; Brief Description of Other Receptors; Elementary Structure and Functioning of Eye and Ear

Unit III B: Neural Control and Co-ordination, Nervous System in Human Beings – Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System and Visceral Nervous System; Generation and Conduction of Nerve Impulse; Reflex Action; Sensory Perception; Sense Organs; Brief Description of Other Receptors; Elementary Structure and Functioning of Eye and Ear

UNIT - V. Human Reproduction

Unit V - A: Human Reproductive System Male and Female Reproductive Systems; Microscopic Anatomy of Testis & Ovary; Gametogenesis Spermatogenesis & Oogenesis; Menstrual Cycle; Fertilization, Embryo Development up to Blastocyst Formation, Implantation; Pregnancy, Placenta Formation, Parturition, Lactation

Unit V - A: Human Reproductive System Male and Female Reproductive Systems; Microscopic Anatomy of Testis & Ovary; Gametogenesis Spermatogenesis & Oogenesis; Menstrual Cycle; Fertilization, Embryo Development up to Blastocyst Formation, Implantation; Pregnancy, Placenta Formation, Parturition, Lactation

Unit V - A: Human Reproductive System Male and Female Reproductive Systems; Microscopic Anatomy of Testis & Ovary; Gametogenesis Spermatogenesis & Oogenesis; Menstrual Cycle; Fertilization, Embryo Development up to Blastocyst Formation, Implantation; Pregnancy, Placenta Formation, Parturition, Lactation

Unit V - A: Human Reproductive System Male and Female Reproductive Systems; Microscopic Anatomy of Testis & Ovary; Gametogenesis Spermatogenesis & Oogenesis; Menstrual Cycle; Fertilization, Embryo Development up to Blastocyst Formation, Implantation; Pregnancy, Placenta Formation, Parturition, Lactation

Unit V - A: Human Reproductive System Male and Female Reproductive Systems; Microscopic Anatomy of Testis & Ovary; Gametogenesis Spermatogenesis & Oogenesis; Menstrual Cycle; Fertilization, Embryo Development up to Blastocyst Formation, Implantation; Pregnancy, Placenta Formation, Parturition, Lactation

Unit V - A: Human Reproductive System Male and Female Reproductive Systems; Microscopic Anatomy of Testis & Ovary; Gametogenesis Spermatogenesis & Oogenesis; Menstrual Cycle; Fertilization, Embryo Development up to Blastocyst Formation, Implantation; Pregnancy, Placenta Formation, Parturition, Lactation

Unit V - A: Human Reproductive System Male and Female Reproductive Systems; Microscopic Anatomy of Testis & Ovary; Gametogenesis Spermatogenesis & Oogenesis; Menstrual Cycle; Fertilization, Embryo Development up to Blastocyst Formation, Implantation; Pregnancy, Placenta Formation, Parturition, Lactation

Unit V - A: Human Reproductive System Male and Female Reproductive Systems; Microscopic Anatomy of Testis & Ovary; Gametogenesis Spermatogenesis & Oogenesis; Menstrual Cycle; Fertilization, Embryo Development up to Blastocyst Formation, Implantation; Pregnancy, Placenta Formation, Parturition, Lactation

Unit V - A: Human Reproductive System Male and Female Reproductive Systems; Microscopic Anatomy of Testis & Ovary; Gametogenesis Spermatogenesis & Oogenesis; Menstrual Cycle; Fertilization, Embryo Development up to Blastocyst Formation, Implantation; Pregnancy, Placenta Formation, Parturition, Lactation

Unit V - A: Human Reproductive System Male and Female Reproductive Systems; Microscopic Anatomy of Testis & Ovary; Gametogenesis Spermatogenesis & Oogenesis; Menstrual Cycle; Fertilization, Embryo Development up to Blastocyst Formation, Implantation; Pregnancy, Placenta Formation, Parturition, Lactation

Unit V - A: Human Reproductive System Male and Female Reproductive Systems; Microscopic Anatomy of Testis & Ovary; Gametogenesis Spermatogenesis & Oogenesis; Menstrual Cycle; Fertilization, Embryo Development up to Blastocyst Formation, Implantation; Pregnancy, Placenta Formation, Parturition, Lactation

Unit V - A: Human Reproductive System Male and Female Reproductive Systems; Microscopic Anatomy of Testis & Ovary; Gametogenesis Spermatogenesis & Oogenesis; Menstrual Cycle; Fertilization, Embryo Development up to Blastocyst Formation, Implantation; Pregnancy, Placenta Formation, Parturition, Lactation

Unit V - B: Reproductive Health - Need for Reproductive Health and Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD); Birth control – Need and Methods, Contraception and Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP); Amniocentesis; Infertility and Assisted Reproductive Technologies – IVF-ET, ZIFT, GIFT

Unit V - B: Reproductive Health - Need for Reproductive Health and Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD); Birth control – Need and Methods, Contraception and Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP); Amniocentesis; Infertility and Assisted Reproductive Technologies – IVF-ET, ZIFT, GIFT

Unit V - B: Reproductive Health - Need for Reproductive Health and Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD); Birth control – Need and Methods, Contraception and Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP); Amniocentesis; Infertility and Assisted Reproductive Technologies – IVF-ET, ZIFT, GIFT

Unit V - B: Reproductive Health - Need for Reproductive Health and Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD); Birth control – Need and Methods, Contraception and Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP); Amniocentesis; Infertility and Assisted Reproductive Technologies – IVF-ET, ZIFT, GIFT

Unit V - B: Reproductive Health - Need for Reproductive Health and Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD); Birth control – Need and Methods, Contraception and Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP); Amniocentesis; Infertility and Assisted Reproductive Technologies – IVF-ET, ZIFT, GIFT

UNIT - VI. Genetics

Heredity and Variation: Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance with reference to Drosophila. (Drosophila Melanogaster Grey, Black Body Colour; Long, Vestigial Wings), Pleiotropy; Multiple Alleles: Inheritance of Blood Groups and Rh-factor; Codominance (Blood Groups as example); Elementary Idea of Polygenic Inheritance; Skin colour in Humans (refer Sinnott, Dunn and Dobzhansky); Sex Determination – in Humans, Birds, Fumeamoth, genic balance Theory of Sex Determination in DroMophila melanogaster and Honey Bees; Sex linked Inheritance – Haemophilia, Colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in Humans: Thalassemia, Haemophilia, Sickle celled Anaemia, Cystiefibrosis PKU, Alkaptonuria; Chromosomal Disorders – Down’s Syndrome, Turner’s Syndrome and Klinefelter Syndrome; Genome, Human Genome Project and DNA Finger Printing

Heredity and Variation: Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance with reference to Drosophila. (Drosophila Melanogaster Grey, Black Body Colour; Long, Vestigial Wings), Pleiotropy; Multiple Alleles: Inheritance of Blood Groups and Rh-factor; Codominance (Blood Groups as example); Elementary Idea of Polygenic Inheritance; Skin colour in Humans (refer Sinnott, Dunn and Dobzhansky); Sex Determination – in Humans, Birds, Fumeamoth, genic balance Theory of Sex Determination in DroMophila melanogaster and Honey Bees; Sex linked Inheritance – Haemophilia, Colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in Humans: Thalassemia, Haemophilia, Sickle celled Anaemia, Cystiefibrosis PKU, Alkaptonuria; Chromosomal Disorders – Down’s Syndrome, Turner’s Syndrome and Klinefelter Syndrome; Genome, Human Genome Project and DNA Finger Printing

Heredity and Variation: Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance with reference to Drosophila. (Drosophila Melanogaster Grey, Black Body Colour; Long, Vestigial Wings), Pleiotropy; Multiple Alleles: Inheritance of Blood Groups and Rh-factor; Codominance (Blood Groups as example); Elementary Idea of Polygenic Inheritance; Skin colour in Humans (refer Sinnott, Dunn and Dobzhansky); Sex Determination – in Humans, Birds, Fumeamoth, genic balance Theory of Sex Determination in DroMophila melanogaster and Honey Bees; Sex linked Inheritance – Haemophilia, Colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in Humans: Thalassemia, Haemophilia, Sickle celled Anaemia, Cystiefibrosis PKU, Alkaptonuria; Chromosomal Disorders – Down’s Syndrome, Turner’s Syndrome and Klinefelter Syndrome; Genome, Human Genome Project and DNA Finger Printing

Heredity and Variation: Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance with reference to Drosophila. (Drosophila Melanogaster Grey, Black Body Colour; Long, Vestigial Wings), Pleiotropy; Multiple Alleles: Inheritance of Blood Groups and Rh-factor; Codominance (Blood Groups as example); Elementary Idea of Polygenic Inheritance; Skin colour in Humans (refer Sinnott, Dunn and Dobzhansky); Sex Determination – in Humans, Birds, Fumeamoth, genic balance Theory of Sex Determination in DroMophila melanogaster and Honey Bees; Sex linked Inheritance – Haemophilia, Colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in Humans: Thalassemia, Haemophilia, Sickle celled Anaemia, Cystiefibrosis PKU, Alkaptonuria; Chromosomal Disorders – Down’s Syndrome, Turner’s Syndrome and Klinefelter Syndrome; Genome, Human Genome Project and DNA Finger Printing

Heredity and Variation: Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance with reference to Drosophila. (Drosophila Melanogaster Grey, Black Body Colour; Long, Vestigial Wings), Pleiotropy; Multiple Alleles: Inheritance of Blood Groups and Rh-factor; Codominance (Blood Groups as example); Elementary Idea of Polygenic Inheritance; Skin colour in Humans (refer Sinnott, Dunn and Dobzhansky); Sex Determination – in Humans, Birds, Fumeamoth, genic balance Theory of Sex Determination in DroMophila melanogaster and Honey Bees; Sex linked Inheritance – Haemophilia, Colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in Humans: Thalassemia, Haemophilia, Sickle celled Anaemia, Cystiefibrosis PKU, Alkaptonuria; Chromosomal Disorders – Down’s Syndrome, Turner’s Syndrome and Klinefelter Syndrome; Genome, Human Genome Project and DNA Finger Printing

Heredity and Variation: Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance with reference to Drosophila. (Drosophila Melanogaster Grey, Black Body Colour; Long, Vestigial Wings), Pleiotropy; Multiple Alleles: Inheritance of Blood Groups and Rh-factor; Codominance (Blood Groups as example); Elementary Idea of Polygenic Inheritance; Skin colour in Humans (refer Sinnott, Dunn and Dobzhansky); Sex Determination – in Humans, Birds, Fumeamoth, genic balance Theory of Sex Determination in DroMophila melanogaster and Honey Bees; Sex linked Inheritance – Haemophilia, Colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in Humans: Thalassemia, Haemophilia, Sickle celled Anaemia, Cystiefibrosis PKU, Alkaptonuria; Chromosomal Disorders – Down’s Syndrome, Turner’s Syndrome and Klinefelter Syndrome; Genome, Human Genome Project and DNA Finger Printing

Heredity and Variation: Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance with reference to Drosophila. (Drosophila Melanogaster Grey, Black Body Colour; Long, Vestigial Wings), Pleiotropy; Multiple Alleles: Inheritance of Blood Groups and Rh-factor; Codominance (Blood Groups as example); Elementary Idea of Polygenic Inheritance; Skin colour in Humans (refer Sinnott, Dunn and Dobzhansky); Sex Determination – in Humans, Birds, Fumeamoth, genic balance Theory of Sex Determination in DroMophila melanogaster and Honey Bees; Sex linked Inheritance – Haemophilia, Colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in Humans: Thalassemia, Haemophilia, Sickle celled Anaemia, Cystiefibrosis PKU, Alkaptonuria; Chromosomal Disorders – Down’s Syndrome, Turner’s Syndrome and Klinefelter Syndrome; Genome, Human Genome Project and DNA Finger Printing

Heredity and Variation: Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance with reference to Drosophila. (Drosophila Melanogaster Grey, Black Body Colour; Long, Vestigial Wings), Pleiotropy; Multiple Alleles: Inheritance of Blood Groups and Rh-factor; Codominance (Blood Groups as example); Elementary Idea of Polygenic Inheritance; Skin colour in Humans (refer Sinnott, Dunn and Dobzhansky); Sex Determination – in Humans, Birds, Fumeamoth, genic balance Theory of Sex Determination in DroMophila melanogaster and Honey Bees; Sex linked Inheritance – Haemophilia, Colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in Humans: Thalassemia, Haemophilia, Sickle celled Anaemia, Cystiefibrosis PKU, Alkaptonuria; Chromosomal Disorders – Down’s Syndrome, Turner’s Syndrome and Klinefelter Syndrome; Genome, Human Genome Project and DNA Finger Printing

Heredity and Variation: Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance with reference to Drosophila. (Drosophila Melanogaster Grey, Black Body Colour; Long, Vestigial Wings), Pleiotropy; Multiple Alleles: Inheritance of Blood Groups and Rh-factor; Codominance (Blood Groups as example); Elementary Idea of Polygenic Inheritance; Skin colour in Humans (refer Sinnott, Dunn and Dobzhansky); Sex Determination – in Humans, Birds, Fumeamoth, genic balance Theory of Sex Determination in DroMophila melanogaster and Honey Bees; Sex linked Inheritance – Haemophilia, Colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in Humans: Thalassemia, Haemophilia, Sickle celled Anaemia, Cystiefibrosis PKU, Alkaptonuria; Chromosomal Disorders – Down’s Syndrome, Turner’s Syndrome and Klinefelter Syndrome; Genome, Human Genome Project and DNA Finger Printing

Heredity and Variation: Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance with reference to Drosophila. (Drosophila Melanogaster Grey, Black Body Colour; Long, Vestigial Wings), Pleiotropy; Multiple Alleles: Inheritance of Blood Groups and Rh-factor; Codominance (Blood Groups as example); Elementary Idea of Polygenic Inheritance; Skin colour in Humans (refer Sinnott, Dunn and Dobzhansky); Sex Determination – in Humans, Birds, Fumeamoth, genic balance Theory of Sex Determination in DroMophila melanogaster and Honey Bees; Sex linked Inheritance – Haemophilia, Colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in Humans: Thalassemia, Haemophilia, Sickle celled Anaemia, Cystiefibrosis PKU, Alkaptonuria; Chromosomal Disorders – Down’s Syndrome, Turner’s Syndrome and Klinefelter Syndrome; Genome, Human Genome Project and DNA Finger Printing

Heredity and Variation: Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance with reference to Drosophila. (Drosophila Melanogaster Grey, Black Body Colour; Long, Vestigial Wings), Pleiotropy; Multiple Alleles: Inheritance of Blood Groups and Rh-factor; Codominance (Blood Groups as example); Elementary Idea of Polygenic Inheritance; Skin colour in Humans (refer Sinnott, Dunn and Dobzhansky); Sex Determination – in Humans, Birds, Fumeamoth, genic balance Theory of Sex Determination in DroMophila melanogaster and Honey Bees; Sex linked Inheritance – Haemophilia, Colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in Humans: Thalassemia, Haemophilia, Sickle celled Anaemia, Cystiefibrosis PKU, Alkaptonuria; Chromosomal Disorders – Down’s Syndrome, Turner’s Syndrome and Klinefelter Syndrome; Genome, Human Genome Project and DNA Finger Printing

Heredity and Variation: Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance with reference to Drosophila. (Drosophila Melanogaster Grey, Black Body Colour; Long, Vestigial Wings), Pleiotropy; Multiple Alleles: Inheritance of Blood Groups and Rh-factor; Codominance (Blood Groups as example); Elementary Idea of Polygenic Inheritance; Skin colour in Humans (refer Sinnott, Dunn and Dobzhansky); Sex Determination – in Humans, Birds, Fumeamoth, genic balance Theory of Sex Determination in DroMophila melanogaster and Honey Bees; Sex linked Inheritance – Haemophilia, Colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in Humans: Thalassemia, Haemophilia, Sickle celled Anaemia, Cystiefibrosis PKU, Alkaptonuria; Chromosomal Disorders – Down’s Syndrome, Turner’s Syndrome and Klinefelter Syndrome; Genome, Human Genome Project and DNA Finger Printing

Heredity and Variation: Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance with reference to Drosophila. (Drosophila Melanogaster Grey, Black Body Colour; Long, Vestigial Wings), Pleiotropy; Multiple Alleles: Inheritance of Blood Groups and Rh-factor; Codominance (Blood Groups as example); Elementary Idea of Polygenic Inheritance; Skin colour in Humans (refer Sinnott, Dunn and Dobzhansky); Sex Determination – in Humans, Birds, Fumeamoth, genic balance Theory of Sex Determination in DroMophila melanogaster and Honey Bees; Sex linked Inheritance – Haemophilia, Colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in Humans: Thalassemia, Haemophilia, Sickle celled Anaemia, Cystiefibrosis PKU, Alkaptonuria; Chromosomal Disorders – Down’s Syndrome, Turner’s Syndrome and Klinefelter Syndrome; Genome, Human Genome Project and DNA Finger Printing

Heredity and Variation: Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance with reference to Drosophila. (Drosophila Melanogaster Grey, Black Body Colour; Long, Vestigial Wings), Pleiotropy; Multiple Alleles: Inheritance of Blood Groups and Rh-factor; Codominance (Blood Groups as example); Elementary Idea of Polygenic Inheritance; Skin colour in Humans (refer Sinnott, Dunn and Dobzhansky); Sex Determination – in Humans, Birds, Fumeamoth, genic balance Theory of Sex Determination in DroMophila melanogaster and Honey Bees; Sex linked Inheritance – Haemophilia, Colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in Humans: Thalassemia, Haemophilia, Sickle celled Anaemia, Cystiefibrosis PKU, Alkaptonuria; Chromosomal Disorders – Down’s Syndrome, Turner’s Syndrome and Klinefelter Syndrome; Genome, Human Genome Project and DNA Finger Printing

Heredity and Variation: Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance with reference to Drosophila. (Drosophila Melanogaster Grey, Black Body Colour; Long, Vestigial Wings), Pleiotropy; Multiple Alleles: Inheritance of Blood Groups and Rh-factor; Codominance (Blood Groups as example); Elementary Idea of Polygenic Inheritance; Skin colour in Humans (refer Sinnott, Dunn and Dobzhansky); Sex Determination – in Humans, Birds, Fumeamoth, genic balance Theory of Sex Determination in DroMophila melanogaster and Honey Bees; Sex linked Inheritance – Haemophilia, Colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in Humans: Thalassemia, Haemophilia, Sickle celled Anaemia, Cystiefibrosis PKU, Alkaptonuria; Chromosomal Disorders – Down’s Syndrome, Turner’s Syndrome and Klinefelter Syndrome; Genome, Human Genome Project and DNA Finger Printing

Heredity and Variation: Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance with reference to Drosophila. (Drosophila Melanogaster Grey, Black Body Colour; Long, Vestigial Wings), Pleiotropy; Multiple Alleles: Inheritance of Blood Groups and Rh-factor; Codominance (Blood Groups as example); Elementary Idea of Polygenic Inheritance; Skin colour in Humans (refer Sinnott, Dunn and Dobzhansky); Sex Determination – in Humans, Birds, Fumeamoth, genic balance Theory of Sex Determination in DroMophila melanogaster and Honey Bees; Sex linked Inheritance – Haemophilia, Colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in Humans: Thalassemia, Haemophilia, Sickle celled Anaemia, Cystiefibrosis PKU, Alkaptonuria; Chromosomal Disorders – Down’s Syndrome, Turner’s Syndrome and Klinefelter Syndrome; Genome, Human Genome Project and DNA Finger Printing

Heredity and Variation: Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance with reference to Drosophila. (Drosophila Melanogaster Grey, Black Body Colour; Long, Vestigial Wings), Pleiotropy; Multiple Alleles: Inheritance of Blood Groups and Rh-factor; Codominance (Blood Groups as example); Elementary Idea of Polygenic Inheritance; Skin colour in Humans (refer Sinnott, Dunn and Dobzhansky); Sex Determination – in Humans, Birds, Fumeamoth, genic balance Theory of Sex Determination in DroMophila melanogaster and Honey Bees; Sex linked Inheritance – Haemophilia, Colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in Humans: Thalassemia, Haemophilia, Sickle celled Anaemia, Cystiefibrosis PKU, Alkaptonuria; Chromosomal Disorders – Down’s Syndrome, Turner’s Syndrome and Klinefelter Syndrome; Genome, Human Genome Project and DNA Finger Printing

Heredity and Variation: Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance with reference to Drosophila. (Drosophila Melanogaster Grey, Black Body Colour; Long, Vestigial Wings), Pleiotropy; Multiple Alleles: Inheritance of Blood Groups and Rh-factor; Codominance (Blood Groups as example); Elementary Idea of Polygenic Inheritance; Skin colour in Humans (refer Sinnott, Dunn and Dobzhansky); Sex Determination – in Humans, Birds, Fumeamoth, genic balance Theory of Sex Determination in DroMophila melanogaster and Honey Bees; Sex linked Inheritance – Haemophilia, Colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in Humans: Thalassemia, Haemophilia, Sickle celled Anaemia, Cystiefibrosis PKU, Alkaptonuria; Chromosomal Disorders – Down’s Syndrome, Turner’s Syndrome and Klinefelter Syndrome; Genome, Human Genome Project and DNA Finger Printing

Heredity and Variation: Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance with reference to Drosophila. (Drosophila Melanogaster Grey, Black Body Colour; Long, Vestigial Wings), Pleiotropy; Multiple Alleles: Inheritance of Blood Groups and Rh-factor; Codominance (Blood Groups as example); Elementary Idea of Polygenic Inheritance; Skin colour in Humans (refer Sinnott, Dunn and Dobzhansky); Sex Determination – in Humans, Birds, Fumeamoth, genic balance Theory of Sex Determination in DroMophila melanogaster and Honey Bees; Sex linked Inheritance – Haemophilia, Colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in Humans: Thalassemia, Haemophilia, Sickle celled Anaemia, Cystiefibrosis PKU, Alkaptonuria; Chromosomal Disorders – Down’s Syndrome, Turner’s Syndrome and Klinefelter Syndrome; Genome, Human Genome Project and DNA Finger Printing

Heredity and Variation: Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance with reference to Drosophila. (Drosophila Melanogaster Grey, Black Body Colour; Long, Vestigial Wings), Pleiotropy; Multiple Alleles: Inheritance of Blood Groups and Rh-factor; Codominance (Blood Groups as example); Elementary Idea of Polygenic Inheritance; Skin colour in Humans (refer Sinnott, Dunn and Dobzhansky); Sex Determination – in Humans, Birds, Fumeamoth, genic balance Theory of Sex Determination in DroMophila melanogaster and Honey Bees; Sex linked Inheritance – Haemophilia, Colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in Humans: Thalassemia, Haemophilia, Sickle celled Anaemia, Cystiefibrosis PKU, Alkaptonuria; Chromosomal Disorders – Down’s Syndrome, Turner’s Syndrome and Klinefelter Syndrome; Genome, Human Genome Project and DNA Finger Printing

UNIT - VII. Organic Evolution

Origin of Life, Biological Evolution and Evidences for Biological Evolution (Palaeontological, Comparative Anatomical, Embryological and Molecular Evidences); Theories of Evolution: Lamarckism (in brief), Darwin’s Theory of Evolution -Natural Selection with example (Kettlewell’s experiments on Biston Bitularia), Mutation Theory of Hugo De Vries; Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution - Hardy-Weinberg Law ; Types of Natural Selection; Gene Flow and Genetic Drift; Variations (Mutations and Genetic Recombination); Adaptive Radiation – viz., Darwin’s Finches and Adaptive Radiation in Marsupials; Human Evolution; Speciation – Allopatric, Sympatric; Reproductive Isolation

Origin of Life, Biological Evolution and Evidences for Biological Evolution (Palaeontological, Comparative Anatomical, Embryological and Molecular Evidences); Theories of Evolution: Lamarckism (in brief), Darwin’s Theory of Evolution -Natural Selection with example (Kettlewell’s experiments on Biston Bitularia), Mutation Theory of Hugo De Vries; Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution - Hardy-Weinberg Law ; Types of Natural Selection; Gene Flow and Genetic Drift; Variations (Mutations and Genetic Recombination); Adaptive Radiation – viz., Darwin’s Finches and Adaptive Radiation in Marsupials; Human Evolution; Speciation – Allopatric, Sympatric; Reproductive Isolation

Origin of Life, Biological Evolution and Evidences for Biological Evolution (Palaeontological, Comparative Anatomical, Embryological and Molecular Evidences); Theories of Evolution: Lamarckism (in brief), Darwin’s Theory of Evolution -Natural Selection with example (Kettlewell’s experiments on Biston Bitularia), Mutation Theory of Hugo De Vries; Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution - Hardy-Weinberg Law ; Types of Natural Selection; Gene Flow and Genetic Drift; Variations (Mutations and Genetic Recombination); Adaptive Radiation – viz., Darwin’s Finches and Adaptive Radiation in Marsupials; Human Evolution; Speciation – Allopatric, Sympatric; Reproductive Isolation

Origin of Life, Biological Evolution and Evidences for Biological Evolution (Palaeontological, Comparative Anatomical, Embryological and Molecular Evidences); Theories of Evolution: Lamarckism (in brief), Darwin’s Theory of Evolution -Natural Selection with example (Kettlewell’s experiments on Biston Bitularia), Mutation Theory of Hugo De Vries; Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution - Hardy-Weinberg Law ; Types of Natural Selection; Gene Flow and Genetic Drift; Variations (Mutations and Genetic Recombination); Adaptive Radiation – viz., Darwin’s Finches and Adaptive Radiation in Marsupials; Human Evolution; Speciation – Allopatric, Sympatric; Reproductive Isolation

Origin of Life, Biological Evolution and Evidences for Biological Evolution (Palaeontological, Comparative Anatomical, Embryological and Molecular Evidences); Theories of Evolution: Lamarckism (in brief), Darwin’s Theory of Evolution -Natural Selection with example (Kettlewell’s experiments on Biston Bitularia), Mutation Theory of Hugo De Vries; Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution - Hardy-Weinberg Law ; Types of Natural Selection; Gene Flow and Genetic Drift; Variations (Mutations and Genetic Recombination); Adaptive Radiation – viz., Darwin’s Finches and Adaptive Radiation in Marsupials; Human Evolution; Speciation – Allopatric, Sympatric; Reproductive Isolation

Origin of Life, Biological Evolution and Evidences for Biological Evolution (Palaeontological, Comparative Anatomical, Embryological and Molecular Evidences); Theories of Evolution: Lamarckism (in brief), Darwin’s Theory of Evolution -Natural Selection with example (Kettlewell’s experiments on Biston Bitularia), Mutation Theory of Hugo De Vries; Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution - Hardy-Weinberg Law ; Types of Natural Selection; Gene Flow and Genetic Drift; Variations (Mutations and Genetic Recombination); Adaptive Radiation – viz., Darwin’s Finches and Adaptive Radiation in Marsupials; Human Evolution; Speciation – Allopatric, Sympatric; Reproductive Isolation

Origin of Life, Biological Evolution and Evidences for Biological Evolution (Palaeontological, Comparative Anatomical, Embryological and Molecular Evidences); Theories of Evolution: Lamarckism (in brief), Darwin’s Theory of Evolution -Natural Selection with example (Kettlewell’s experiments on Biston Bitularia), Mutation Theory of Hugo De Vries; Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution - Hardy-Weinberg Law ; Types of Natural Selection; Gene Flow and Genetic Drift; Variations (Mutations and Genetic Recombination); Adaptive Radiation – viz., Darwin’s Finches and Adaptive Radiation in Marsupials; Human Evolution; Speciation – Allopatric, Sympatric; Reproductive Isolation

Origin of Life, Biological Evolution and Evidences for Biological Evolution (Palaeontological, Comparative Anatomical, Embryological and Molecular Evidences); Theories of Evolution: Lamarckism (in brief), Darwin’s Theory of Evolution -Natural Selection with example (Kettlewell’s experiments on Biston Bitularia), Mutation Theory of Hugo De Vries; Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution - Hardy-Weinberg Law ; Types of Natural Selection; Gene Flow and Genetic Drift; Variations (Mutations and Genetic Recombination); Adaptive Radiation – viz., Darwin’s Finches and Adaptive Radiation in Marsupials; Human Evolution; Speciation – Allopatric, Sympatric; Reproductive Isolation

Origin of Life, Biological Evolution and Evidences for Biological Evolution (Palaeontological, Comparative Anatomical, Embryological and Molecular Evidences); Theories of Evolution: Lamarckism (in brief), Darwin’s Theory of Evolution -Natural Selection with example (Kettlewell’s experiments on Biston Bitularia), Mutation Theory of Hugo De Vries; Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution - Hardy-Weinberg Law ; Types of Natural Selection; Gene Flow and Genetic Drift; Variations (Mutations and Genetic Recombination); Adaptive Radiation – viz., Darwin’s Finches and Adaptive Radiation in Marsupials; Human Evolution; Speciation – Allopatric, Sympatric; Reproductive Isolation

Origin of Life, Biological Evolution and Evidences for Biological Evolution (Palaeontological, Comparative Anatomical, Embryological and Molecular Evidences); Theories of Evolution: Lamarckism (in brief), Darwin’s Theory of Evolution -Natural Selection with example (Kettlewell’s experiments on Biston Bitularia), Mutation Theory of Hugo De Vries; Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution - Hardy-Weinberg Law ; Types of Natural Selection; Gene Flow and Genetic Drift; Variations (Mutations and Genetic Recombination); Adaptive Radiation – viz., Darwin’s Finches and Adaptive Radiation in Marsupials; Human Evolution; Speciation – Allopatric, Sympatric; Reproductive Isolation

Origin of Life, Biological Evolution and Evidences for Biological Evolution (Palaeontological, Comparative Anatomical, Embryological and Molecular Evidences); Theories of Evolution: Lamarckism (in brief), Darwin’s Theory of Evolution -Natural Selection with example (Kettlewell’s experiments on Biston Bitularia), Mutation Theory of Hugo De Vries; Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution - Hardy-Weinberg Law ; Types of Natural Selection; Gene Flow and Genetic Drift; Variations (Mutations and Genetic Recombination); Adaptive Radiation – viz., Darwin’s Finches and Adaptive Radiation in Marsupials; Human Evolution; Speciation – Allopatric, Sympatric; Reproductive Isolation

Origin of Life, Biological Evolution and Evidences for Biological Evolution (Palaeontological, Comparative Anatomical, Embryological and Molecular Evidences); Theories of Evolution: Lamarckism (in brief), Darwin’s Theory of Evolution -Natural Selection with example (Kettlewell’s experiments on Biston Bitularia), Mutation Theory of Hugo De Vries; Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution - Hardy-Weinberg Law ; Types of Natural Selection; Gene Flow and Genetic Drift; Variations (Mutations and Genetic Recombination); Adaptive Radiation – viz., Darwin’s Finches and Adaptive Radiation in Marsupials; Human Evolution; Speciation – Allopatric, Sympatric; Reproductive Isolation

Origin of Life, Biological Evolution and Evidences for Biological Evolution (Palaeontological, Comparative Anatomical, Embryological and Molecular Evidences); Theories of Evolution: Lamarckism (in brief), Darwin’s Theory of Evolution -Natural Selection with example (Kettlewell’s experiments on Biston Bitularia), Mutation Theory of Hugo De Vries; Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution - Hardy-Weinberg Law ; Types of Natural Selection; Gene Flow and Genetic Drift; Variations (Mutations and Genetic Recombination); Adaptive Radiation – viz., Darwin’s Finches and Adaptive Radiation in Marsupials; Human Evolution; Speciation – Allopatric, Sympatric; Reproductive Isolation

Origin of Life, Biological Evolution and Evidences for Biological Evolution (Palaeontological, Comparative Anatomical, Embryological and Molecular Evidences); Theories of Evolution: Lamarckism (in brief), Darwin’s Theory of Evolution -Natural Selection with example (Kettlewell’s experiments on Biston Bitularia), Mutation Theory of Hugo De Vries; Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution - Hardy-Weinberg Law ; Types of Natural Selection; Gene Flow and Genetic Drift; Variations (Mutations and Genetic Recombination); Adaptive Radiation – viz., Darwin’s Finches and Adaptive Radiation in Marsupials; Human Evolution; Speciation – Allopatric, Sympatric; Reproductive Isolation

UNIT - VIII. Applied Biology

Apiculture; Animal Husbandry: Pisciculture, Poultry Management, Dairy Management; Animal Breeding; Bio-Medical Technology : Diagnostic Imaging (X-ray, CT-scan, MRI), ECG, EEG; Application of Biotechnology in Health: Human Insulin and Vaccine Production ; Gene Therapy; Transgenic Animals; ELISA; Vaccines, MABs, Cancer Biology, Stem Cells.

Apiculture; Animal Husbandry: Pisciculture, Poultry Management, Dairy Management; Animal Breeding; Bio-Medical Technology : Diagnostic Imaging (X-ray, CT-scan, MRI), ECG, EEG; Application of Biotechnology in Health: Human Insulin and Vaccine Production ; Gene Therapy; Transgenic Animals; ELISA; Vaccines, MABs, Cancer Biology, Stem Cells.

Apiculture; Animal Husbandry: Pisciculture, Poultry Management, Dairy Management; Animal Breeding; Bio-Medical Technology : Diagnostic Imaging (X-ray, CT-scan, MRI), ECG, EEG; Application of Biotechnology in Health: Human Insulin and Vaccine Production ; Gene Therapy; Transgenic Animals; ELISA; Vaccines, MABs, Cancer Biology, Stem Cells.

Apiculture; Animal Husbandry: Pisciculture, Poultry Management, Dairy Management; Animal Breeding; Bio-Medical Technology : Diagnostic Imaging (X-ray, CT-scan, MRI), ECG, EEG; Application of Biotechnology in Health: Human Insulin and Vaccine Production ; Gene Therapy; Transgenic Animals; ELISA; Vaccines, MABs, Cancer Biology, Stem Cells.

Apiculture; Animal Husbandry: Pisciculture, Poultry Management, Dairy Management; Animal Breeding; Bio-Medical Technology : Diagnostic Imaging (X-ray, CT-scan, MRI), ECG, EEG; Application of Biotechnology in Health: Human Insulin and Vaccine Production ; Gene Therapy; Transgenic Animals; ELISA; Vaccines, MABs, Cancer Biology, Stem Cells.

Apiculture; Animal Husbandry: Pisciculture, Poultry Management, Dairy Management; Animal Breeding; Bio-Medical Technology : Diagnostic Imaging (X-ray, CT-scan, MRI), ECG, EEG; Application of Biotechnology in Health: Human Insulin and Vaccine Production ; Gene Therapy; Transgenic Animals; ELISA; Vaccines, MABs, Cancer Biology, Stem Cells.

Apiculture; Animal Husbandry: Pisciculture, Poultry Management, Dairy Management; Animal Breeding; Bio-Medical Technology : Diagnostic Imaging (X-ray, CT-scan, MRI), ECG, EEG; Application of Biotechnology in Health: Human Insulin and Vaccine Production ; Gene Therapy; Transgenic Animals; ELISA; Vaccines, MABs, Cancer Biology, Stem Cells.

Apiculture; Animal Husbandry: Pisciculture, Poultry Management, Dairy Management; Animal Breeding; Bio-Medical Technology : Diagnostic Imaging (X-ray, CT-scan, MRI), ECG, EEG; Application of Biotechnology in Health: Human Insulin and Vaccine Production ; Gene Therapy; Transgenic Animals; ELISA; Vaccines, MABs, Cancer Biology, Stem Cells.

Apiculture; Animal Husbandry: Pisciculture, Poultry Management, Dairy Management; Animal Breeding; Bio-Medical Technology : Diagnostic Imaging (X-ray, CT-scan, MRI), ECG, EEG; Application of Biotechnology in Health: Human Insulin and Vaccine Production ; Gene Therapy; Transgenic Animals; ELISA; Vaccines, MABs, Cancer Biology, Stem Cells.

Apiculture; Animal Husbandry: Pisciculture, Poultry Management, Dairy Management; Animal Breeding; Bio-Medical Technology : Diagnostic Imaging (X-ray, CT-scan, MRI), ECG, EEG; Application of Biotechnology in Health: Human Insulin and Vaccine Production ; Gene Therapy; Transgenic Animals; ELISA; Vaccines, MABs, Cancer Biology, Stem Cells.

Apiculture; Animal Husbandry: Pisciculture, Poultry Management, Dairy Management; Animal Breeding; Bio-Medical Technology : Diagnostic Imaging (X-ray, CT-scan, MRI), ECG, EEG; Application of Biotechnology in Health: Human Insulin and Vaccine Production ; Gene Therapy; Transgenic Animals; ELISA; Vaccines, MABs, Cancer Biology, Stem Cells.

Apiculture; Animal Husbandry: Pisciculture, Poultry Management, Dairy Management; Animal Breeding; Bio-Medical Technology : Diagnostic Imaging (X-ray, CT-scan, MRI), ECG, EEG; Application of Biotechnology in Health: Human Insulin and Vaccine Production ; Gene Therapy; Transgenic Animals; ELISA; Vaccines, MABs, Cancer Biology, Stem Cells.

Apiculture; Animal Husbandry: Pisciculture, Poultry Management, Dairy Management; Animal Breeding; Bio-Medical Technology : Diagnostic Imaging (X-ray, CT-scan, MRI), ECG, EEG; Application of Biotechnology in Health: Human Insulin and Vaccine Production ; Gene Therapy; Transgenic Animals; ELISA; Vaccines, MABs, Cancer Biology, Stem Cells.

Apiculture; Animal Husbandry: Pisciculture, Poultry Management, Dairy Management; Animal Breeding; Bio-Medical Technology : Diagnostic Imaging (X-ray, CT-scan, MRI), ECG, EEG; Application of Biotechnology in Health: Human Insulin and Vaccine Production ; Gene Therapy; Transgenic Animals; ELISA; Vaccines, MABs, Cancer Biology, Stem Cells.

Apiculture; Animal Husbandry: Pisciculture, Poultry Management, Dairy Management; Animal Breeding; Bio-Medical Technology : Diagnostic Imaging (X-ray, CT-scan, MRI), ECG, EEG; Application of Biotechnology in Health: Human Insulin and Vaccine Production ; Gene Therapy; Transgenic Animals; ELISA; Vaccines, MABs, Cancer Biology, Stem Cells.

Apiculture; Animal Husbandry: Pisciculture, Poultry Management, Dairy Management; Animal Breeding; Bio-Medical Technology : Diagnostic Imaging (X-ray, CT-scan, MRI), ECG, EEG; Application of Biotechnology in Health: Human Insulin and Vaccine Production ; Gene Therapy; Transgenic Animals; ELISA; Vaccines, MABs, Cancer Biology, Stem Cells.

Apiculture; Animal Husbandry: Pisciculture, Poultry Management, Dairy Management; Animal Breeding; Bio-Medical Technology : Diagnostic Imaging (X-ray, CT-scan, MRI), ECG, EEG; Application of Biotechnology in Health: Human Insulin and Vaccine Production ; Gene Therapy; Transgenic Animals; ELISA; Vaccines, MABs, Cancer Biology, Stem Cells.

Apiculture; Animal Husbandry: Pisciculture, Poultry Management, Dairy Management; Animal Breeding; Bio-Medical Technology : Diagnostic Imaging (X-ray, CT-scan, MRI), ECG, EEG; Application of Biotechnology in Health: Human Insulin and Vaccine Production ; Gene Therapy; Transgenic Animals; ELISA; Vaccines, MABs, Cancer Biology, Stem Cells.

Apiculture; Animal Husbandry: Pisciculture, Poultry Management, Dairy Management; Animal Breeding; Bio-Medical Technology : Diagnostic Imaging (X-ray, CT-scan, MRI), ECG, EEG; Application of Biotechnology in Health: Human Insulin and Vaccine Production ; Gene Therapy; Transgenic Animals; ELISA; Vaccines, MABs, Cancer Biology, Stem Cells.

Apiculture; Animal Husbandry: Pisciculture, Poultry Management, Dairy Management; Animal Breeding; Bio-Medical Technology : Diagnostic Imaging (X-ray, CT-scan, MRI), ECG, EEG; Application of Biotechnology in Health: Human Insulin and Vaccine Production ; Gene Therapy; Transgenic Animals; ELISA; Vaccines, MABs, Cancer Biology, Stem Cells.

Apiculture; Animal Husbandry: Pisciculture, Poultry Management, Dairy Management; Animal Breeding; Bio-Medical Technology : Diagnostic Imaging (X-ray, CT-scan, MRI), ECG, EEG; Application of Biotechnology in Health: Human Insulin and Vaccine Production ; Gene Therapy; Transgenic Animals; ELISA; Vaccines, MABs, Cancer Biology, Stem Cells.

Apiculture; Animal Husbandry: Pisciculture, Poultry Management, Dairy Management; Animal Breeding; Bio-Medical Technology : Diagnostic Imaging (X-ray, CT-scan, MRI), ECG, EEG; Application of Biotechnology in Health: Human Insulin and Vaccine Production ; Gene Therapy; Transgenic Animals; ELISA; Vaccines, MABs, Cancer Biology, Stem Cells.

Apiculture; Animal Husbandry: Pisciculture, Poultry Management, Dairy Management; Animal Breeding; Bio-Medical Technology : Diagnostic Imaging (X-ray, CT-scan, MRI), ECG, EEG; Application of Biotechnology in Health: Human Insulin and Vaccine Production ; Gene Therapy; Transgenic Animals; ELISA; Vaccines, MABs, Cancer Biology, Stem Cells.

Apiculture; Animal Husbandry: Pisciculture, Poultry Management, Dairy Management; Animal Breeding; Bio-Medical Technology : Diagnostic Imaging (X-ray, CT-scan, MRI), ECG, EEG; Application of Biotechnology in Health: Human Insulin and Vaccine Production ; Gene Therapy; Transgenic Animals; ELISA; Vaccines, MABs, Cancer Biology, Stem Cells.

Apiculture; Animal Husbandry: Pisciculture, Poultry Management, Dairy Management; Animal Breeding; Bio-Medical Technology : Diagnostic Imaging (X-ray, CT-scan, MRI), ECG, EEG; Application of Biotechnology in Health: Human Insulin and Vaccine Production ; Gene Therapy; Transgenic Animals; ELISA; Vaccines, MABs, Cancer Biology, Stem Cells.