(i) Mechanism of flow of current in metals, drift velocity and mobility of electrons, Ohm’s Law and its proof. Resistance and resistivity and their relation to drift velocity of electrons description of resistivity and conductivity based on electron theory effect of temperature on resistance colour coding of resistance. (ii) Potential difference as the power supplied divided by the current. Ohm's law (V-I characteristics) and its limitations Combinations of resistors in series and parallel Electric energy and power. (iii) Electromotive force in a cell internal resistance and back emf. Combination of cells in series, parallel and mixed grouping. (iv) Kirchoff's laws and their simple applications to circuits with resistors and sources of emf Wheatstone bridge metre-bridge and potentiometer use to measure potential difference and for comparison of emf and determination of internal resistance of sources of current use to measure potential difference and for comparison of emf and determination of internal resistance of sources of current use of resistors (shunts and multipliers) in ammeters and voltmeters.
1. Electrostatics 2. Current Electricity 3. Magnetism 4. Electromagnetism 5. Alternating Current Circuits 6. Wave Optics 7. Ray Optics and Optical Instruments 8. Electrons and Photons 9. Atoms 10. Nuclei 11. Nuclear Energy 12. Semiconductor Devices 13. Communication Systems