12.1. General Introduction 12.2. Tetravalence of Carbon: Shapes of Organic Compounds 12.2.1. Shapes of Carbon Compounds 12.2.2. Some Characteristic Feature of Pi Bonds 12.3. Structural Representations of Organic Compounds 12.3.1. Complete, Condensed and Bond-line Structural Formulas 12.3.1. Complete, Condensed and Bond-line Structural Formulas 12.3.2. Three Dimensional Representation of Organic Molecules 12.4. Classification of Organic Compounds 12.5. Nomenclature of Organic Compounds 12.5.1. The IUPAC System of Nomenclature 12.5.2. IUPAC Nomenclature of Alkanes 12.5.2. IUPAC Nomenclature of Alkanes 12.5.2. IUPAC Nomenclature of Alkanes 12.5.2. IUPAC Nomenclature of Alkanes 12.5.2. IUPAC Nomenclature of Alkanes 12.5.2. IUPAC Nomenclature of Alkanes 12.5.2. IUPAC Nomenclature of Alkanes 12.5.2. IUPAC Nomenclature of Alkanes 12.5.2. IUPAC Nomenclature of Alkanes 12.5.2. IUPAC Nomenclature of Alkanes 12.5.2. IUPAC Nomenclature of Alkanes 12.5.2. IUPAC Nomenclature of Alkanes 12.5.3. Nomenclature of Organic Compounds having Functional Group(s) 12.5.4. Nomenclature of Substituted Benzene Compounds 12.6. Isomerism 12.6.1. Structural Isomerism 12.6.2. Sterioisomerism 12.7. Fundamental Concepts in Organic Reaction Mechanism 12.7.1. Fission of a Covalent Bond 12.7.2. Nucleophiles and Electrophiles 12.7.3. Electron Movement in Organic Reactions 12.7.4. Electron Displacement effects in Covalent Bonds 12.7.5. Inductive Effect 12.7.6. Resonance Structure 12.7.7. Resonance Effect 12.7.8. Electromeric Effect 12.7.9. Hyper Conjugation 12.7.10. Types of Organic Reactions and Mechanisms 12.8. Methods of Purification of Organic Compounds 12.8.1. Sublimation 12.8.2. Crystallization 12.8.3. Distillation 12.8.4. Differential Extraction 12.9. Qualitative Analysis of Organic Compounds 12.9.1. Detection of Carbon and Hydrogen 12.9.2. Detection of Other Elements 12.10. Quantitative Analysis 12.10.1. Carbon and Hydrogen 12.10.2. Nitrogen 12.10.2. Nitrogen 12.10.3. Halogens 12.10.4. Sulphur 12.10.5. Phosphorus 12.10.6. Oxygen
1.Some Basic Points of Chemistry 2.Structure of Atom 3.Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties 4.Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure 5.States of Matter 6.Thermodynamics 7.Equilibrium 8.Redox Reactions 9.Hydrogen 10.The s-Block Elements 11. The p-Block Elements 12.Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques 13.Hydrocarbons 14.Environmental Chemistry