13.1 General Introduction 13.2 Tetravalency of Carbon: Shapes of Organic Compounds 13.2 Tetravalency of Carbon: Shapes of Organic Compounds 13.3 Structural Representations of Organic Compounds 13.4 Classification of Organic Compounds 13.5 Nomenclature of Organic Compounds 13.6 Isomerism 13.7 Fundamental Concepts in Organic Reaction Mechanisms 13.7.1 Fission of Covalent Bond 13.7.2 Nucleophiles and Electrophiles 13.7.3 Electron Movements in Organic Reactions 13.7.4 Electron Displacement Effects in Covalent Bonds 13.7.5 Types of Organic Reactions 13.8 Methods of Purification of Organic Compounds 13.9 Qualitative Elemental Analysis of Organic Compounds 13.10 Quantitative Elemental Analysis of Organic Compounds Hydrocarbons - 13.11 Classification of Hydrocarbons 13.12 Alkanes – Nomenclature, Isomerism 13.12 Alkanes – Nomenclature, Isomerism 13.12.1 Preparation of Alkanes 13.12.2 Properties – Physical Properties and Chemical Reactivity, Substitution Reactions – Halogenation (free radical mechanism), Combustion, Controlled Oxidation, Isomerisation, Aromatization, Reaction with Steam and Pyrolysis 13.12.2 Properties – Physical Properties and Chemical Reactivity, Substitution Reactions – Halogenation (free radical mechanism), Combustion, Controlled Oxidation, Isomerisation, Aromatization, Reaction with Steam and Pyrolysis 13.12.2 Properties – Physical Properties and Chemical Reactivity, Substitution Reactions – Halogenation (free radical mechanism), Combustion, Controlled Oxidation, Isomerisation, Aromatization, Reaction with Steam and Pyrolysis 13.12.2 Properties – Physical Properties and Chemical Reactivity, Substitution Reactions – Halogenation (free radical mechanism), Combustion, Controlled Oxidation, Isomerisation, Aromatization, Reaction with Steam and Pyrolysis 13.12.2 Properties – Physical Properties and Chemical Reactivity, Substitution Reactions – Halogenation (free radical mechanism), Combustion, Controlled Oxidation, Isomerisation, Aromatization, Reaction with Steam and Pyrolysis 13.12.2 Properties – Physical Properties and Chemical Reactivity, Substitution Reactions – Halogenation (free radical mechanism), Combustion, Controlled Oxidation, Isomerisation, Aromatization, Reaction with Steam and Pyrolysis 13.13 Alkenes - Nomenclature, Structure of Ethane, Isomerism 13.13 Alkenes - Nomenclature, Structure of Ethane, Isomerism 13.13 Alkenes - Nomenclature, Structure of Ethane, Isomerism 13.13 Alkenes - Nomenclature, Structure of Ethane, Isomerism 13.13.1 Methods of Preparation. 13.13.2 Properties- Physical and Chemical Reactions: Addition of Hydrogen, Halogen, Water, Sulphuric Acid, Hydrogen Halides (Mechanism- ionic and peroxide effect, Markovnikov’s , Anti Markovnikov’s or Kharasch Effect). Oxidation, Ozonolysis and Polymerization. 13.13.2 Properties- Physical and Chemical Reactions: Addition of Hydrogen, Halogen, Water, Sulphuric Acid, Hydrogen Halides (Mechanism- ionic and peroxide effect, Markovnikov’s , Anti Markovnikov’s or Kharasch Effect). Oxidation, Ozonolysis and Polymerization. 13.13.2 Properties- Physical and Chemical Reactions: Addition of Hydrogen, Halogen, Water, Sulphuric Acid, Hydrogen Halides (Mechanism- ionic and peroxide effect, Markovnikov’s , Anti Markovnikov’s or Kharasch Effect). Oxidation, Ozonolysis and Polymerization. 13.13.2 Properties- Physical and Chemical Reactions: Addition of Hydrogen, Halogen, Water, Sulphuric Acid, Hydrogen Halides (Mechanism- ionic and peroxide effect, Markovnikov’s , Anti Markovnikov’s or Kharasch Effect). Oxidation, Ozonolysis and Polymerization. 13.13.2 Properties- Physical and Chemical Reactions: Addition of Hydrogen, Halogen, Water, Sulphuric Acid, Hydrogen Halides (Mechanism- ionic and peroxide effect, Markovnikov’s , Anti Markovnikov’s or Kharasch Effect). Oxidation, Ozonolysis and Polymerization. 13.13.2 Properties- Physical and Chemical Reactions: Addition of Hydrogen, Halogen, Water, Sulphuric Acid, Hydrogen Halides (Mechanism- ionic and peroxide effect, Markovnikov’s , Anti Markovnikov’s or Kharasch Effect). Oxidation, Ozonolysis and Polymerization. 13.13.2 Properties- Physical and Chemical Reactions: Addition of Hydrogen, Halogen, Water, Sulphuric Acid, Hydrogen Halides (Mechanism- ionic and peroxide effect, Markovnikov’s , Anti Markovnikov’s or Kharasch Effect). Oxidation, Ozonolysis and Polymerization. 13.14 Alkynes – Nomenclature and Isomerism, Structure of Acetylene. Methods of Preparation of Acetylene 13.14.1 Physical Properties, Chemical Reactions- Acidic Character of Acetylene, Addition Reactions of Hydrogen, Halogen, Hydrogen Halides and Water. Polymerization. 13.14.1 Physical Properties, Chemical Reactions- Acidic Character of Acetylene, Addition Reactions of Hydrogen, Halogen, Hydrogen Halides and Water. Polymerization. 13.15 Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Nomenclature and Isomerism. Structure of benzene, Resonance and Aromaticity. 13.15 Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Nomenclature and Isomerism. Structure of benzene, Resonance and Aromaticity. 13.15 Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Nomenclature and Isomerism. Structure of benzene, Resonance and Aromaticity. 13.15 Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Nomenclature and Isomerism. Structure of benzene, Resonance and Aromaticity. 13.15.1 Preparation of Benzene. Physical Properties. Chemical Properties: Mechanism of Electrophilic Substitution. Electrophilic Substitution Reactions- Nitration, Sulphonation, Halogenation, Friedel-Craft’ alkylation and acylation 13.15.1 Preparation of Benzene. Physical Properties. Chemical Properties: Mechanism of Electrophilic Substitution. Electrophilic Substitution Reactions- Nitration, Sulphonation, Halogenation, Friedel-Craft’ alkylation and acylation 13.15.1 Preparation of Benzene. Physical Properties. Chemical Properties: Mechanism of Electrophilic Substitution. Electrophilic Substitution Reactions- Nitration, Sulphonation, Halogenation, Friedel-Craft’ alkylation and acylation 13.15.1 Preparation of Benzene. Physical Properties. Chemical Properties: Mechanism of Electrophilic Substitution. Electrophilic Substitution Reactions- Nitration, Sulphonation, Halogenation, Friedel-Craft’ alkylation and acylation 13.15.1 Preparation of Benzene. Physical Properties. Chemical Properties: Mechanism of Electrophilic Substitution. Electrophilic Substitution Reactions- Nitration, Sulphonation, Halogenation, Friedel-Craft’ alkylation and acylation 13.15.2.Directive Influence of Functional Groups in Mono Substituted Benzene, Carcinogenicity and Toxicity 13.15.2.Directive Influence of Functional Groups in Mono Substituted Benzene, Carcinogenicity and Toxicity 13.15.2.Directive Influence of Functional Groups in Mono Substituted Benzene, Carcinogenicity and Toxicity 13.15.2.Directive Influence of Functional Groups in Mono Substituted Benzene, Carcinogenicity and Toxicity
1 - Atomic Structure 2 - Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties 3 -Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure 4 - States of Mater: Gases and Liquids 5 - Stoichiometry 6 - Thermodynamics 7 - Chemical Equilibrium and Acids-Bases 8 - Hydrogen and Its Compounds 9 - The s-Block Elements 10 - The p-Block Elements Group 13 (Boron Family) 11 - The p-Block Elements Group 14 (Carbon Family) 12 - Environmental Chemistry 13 - Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques and Hydrocarbons