7.0. Introduction 7.0. Introduction 7.1.Equilibrium in Physical Process 7.2.Equilibrium in Chemical Process – Dynamic Equilibrium 7.3.Law of Chemical Equilibrium - Law of Mass action and Equilibrium Constant 7.3.Law of Chemical Equilibrium - Law of Mass action and Equilibrium Constant 7.4.Homogeneous Equilibria, Equilibrium Constant in Gaseous Systems. Relationship between KP and Kc 7.4.Homogeneous Equilibria, Equilibrium Constant in Gaseous Systems. Relationship between KP and Kc 7.4.Homogeneous Equilibria, Equilibrium Constant in Gaseous Systems. Relationship between KP and Kc 7.5. Heterogeneous Equilibria. 7.6. Applications of Equilibrium Constant 7.7.Relationship between Equilibrium Constant K, Reaction Quotient Q and Gibbs Energy G. 7.8.Factors affecting Equilibria - Le-Chatlie Principle Application to Industrial Synthesis of Ammonia and Sulphur Trioxide 7.8.Factors affecting Equilibria - Le-Chatlie Principle Application to Industrial Synthesis of Ammonia and Sulphur Trioxide 7.9.Ionic Equilibrium in Solutions 7.10 Acids, Bases and Salts- Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis Concepts of Acids and Bases 7.10 Acids, Bases and Salts- Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis Concepts of Acids and Bases 7.10 Acids, Bases and Salts- Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis Concepts of Acids and Bases 7.10 Acids, Bases and Salts- Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis Concepts of Acids and Bases 7.11 Ionisation of Acids and Bases –Ionisation Constant of Water and It’s Ionic Product- pH Scale - Ionisation Constants of weak Acids - Ionisation of Weak Bases - Relation between Ka and Kb-Di and Poly basic Acids and di and Poly Acidic Bases-Factors Affecting Acid Strength - Common Ion Effect in the Ionization of Acids and Bases - Hydrolysis of Salts and pH of their Solutions 7.11 Ionisation of Acids and Bases –Ionisation Constant of Water and It’s Ionic Product- pH Scale - Ionisation Constants of weak Acids - Ionisation of Weak Bases - Relation between Ka and Kb-Di and Poly basic Acids and di and Poly Acidic Bases-Factors Affecting Acid Strength - Common Ion Effect in the Ionization of Acids and Bases - Hydrolysis of Salts and pH of their Solutions 7.11 Ionisation of Acids and Bases –Ionisation Constant of Water and It’s Ionic Product- pH Scale - Ionisation Constants of weak Acids - Ionisation of Weak Bases - Relation between Ka and Kb-Di and Poly basic Acids and di and Poly Acidic Bases-Factors Affecting Acid Strength - Common Ion Effect in the Ionization of Acids and Bases - Hydrolysis of Salts and pH of their Solutions 7.11 Ionisation of Acids and Bases –Ionisation Constant of Water and It’s Ionic Product- pH Scale - Ionisation Constants of weak Acids - Ionisation of Weak Bases - Relation between Ka and Kb-Di and Poly basic Acids and di and Poly Acidic Bases-Factors Affecting Acid Strength - Common Ion Effect in the Ionization of Acids and Bases - Hydrolysis of Salts and pH of their Solutions 7.11 Ionisation of Acids and Bases –Ionisation Constant of Water and It’s Ionic Product- pH Scale - Ionisation Constants of weak Acids - Ionisation of Weak Bases - Relation between Ka and Kb-Di and Poly basic Acids and di and Poly Acidic Bases-Factors Affecting Acid Strength - Common Ion Effect in the Ionization of Acids and Bases - Hydrolysis of Salts and pH of their Solutions 7.11 Ionisation of Acids and Bases –Ionisation Constant of Water and It’s Ionic Product- pH Scale - Ionisation Constants of weak Acids - Ionisation of Weak Bases - Relation between Ka and Kb-Di and Poly basic Acids and di and Poly Acidic Bases-Factors Affecting Acid Strength - Common Ion Effect in the Ionization of Acids and Bases - Hydrolysis of Salts and pH of their Solutions 7.11 Ionisation of Acids and Bases –Ionisation Constant of Water and It’s Ionic Product- pH Scale - Ionisation Constants of weak Acids - Ionisation of Weak Bases - Relation between Ka and Kb-Di and Poly basic Acids and di and Poly Acidic Bases-Factors Affecting Acid Strength - Common Ion Effect in the Ionization of Acids and Bases - Hydrolysis of Salts and pH of their Solutions 7.11 Ionisation of Acids and Bases –Ionisation Constant of Water and It’s Ionic Product- pH Scale - Ionisation Constants of weak Acids - Ionisation of Weak Bases - Relation between Ka and Kb-Di and Poly basic Acids and di and Poly Acidic Bases-Factors Affecting Acid Strength - Common Ion Effect in the Ionization of Acids and Bases - Hydrolysis of Salts and pH of their Solutions 7.12 Buffer Solutions - Designing of Buffer Solution - Preparation of Acidic Buffer 7.12 Buffer Solutions - Designing of Buffer Solution - Preparation of Acidic Buffer 7.12 Buffer Solutions - Designing of Buffer Solution - Preparation of Acidic Buffer 7.13 Solubility Equilibria of Sparingly Soluble Salts. Solubility Product Constant Common Ion Effect on Solubility of Ionic Salts 7.13 Solubility Equilibria of Sparingly Soluble Salts. Solubility Product Constant Common Ion Effect on Solubility of Ionic Salts
1 - Atomic Structure 2 - Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties 3 -Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure 4 - States of Mater: Gases and Liquids 5 - Stoichiometry 6 - Thermodynamics 7 - Chemical Equilibrium and Acids-Bases 8 - Hydrogen and Its Compounds 9 - The s-Block Elements 10 - The p-Block Elements Group 13 (Boron Family) 11 - The p-Block Elements Group 14 (Carbon Family) 12 - Environmental Chemistry 13 - Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques and Hydrocarbons