6.0. Introduction 6.1 Thermodynamic Terms - The System and the Surroundings 6.1.1.Types of Systems and Surroundings 6.1.2.The State of the System 6.1.3.The Internal Energy as a State Function (a) Work (b) Heat (c) The General Case, the First law of Thermodynamics 6.1,4.Applications 6.2.1 Work 6.2.2 Enthalpy, H- a useful New State Function 6.2.3 Extensive and Intensive Properties 6.2.4 Heat Capacity 6.2.5 The Relationship between CP and Cv. 6.3.Measurement of U and H: Calorimetry 6.4 Enthalpy change, ¨r H of Reactions – Reaction Enthalpy (a) Standard Enthalpy of Reactions (b) Enthalpy changes during Transformations © Standard Enthalpy of Formation (d) Thermo Chemical Equations (e) Hess’s law of Constant Heat Summation 6.4 Enthalpy change, ¨r H of Reactions – Reaction Enthalpy (a) Standard Enthalpy of Reactions (b) Enthalpy changes during Transformations © Standard Enthalpy of Formation (d) Thermo Chemical Equations (e) Hess’s law of Constant Heat Summation 6.4 Enthalpy change, ¨r H of Reactions – Reaction Enthalpy (a) Standard Enthalpy of Reactions (b) Enthalpy changes during Transformations © Standard Enthalpy of Formation (d) Thermo Chemical Equations (e) Hess’s law of Constant Heat Summation 6.6.Enthalpies for Different Types of Reactions (a) Standard Enthalpy of Combustion (c HO) (b) Enthalpy of Atomization (a Hø), Phase Transition, Sublimation and Ionization (b) Enthalpy of Atomization (a Hø), Phase Transition, Sublimation and Ionization (b) Enthalpy of Atomization (a Hø), Phase Transition, Sublimation and Ionization (c) Bond Enthalpy (bond Hø ) (d) Enthalpy of Solution (sol Hø ) and Dilution. 6.7.Spontaneity (a) Is Decrease in Enthalpy a Criterion for Spontaneity? (b) Entropy and Spontaneity, the Second Law of Thermodynamics 6.8.Gibbs Energy and Spontaneity 6.9.Gibbs Energy change and Equilibrium 6.10.Absolute Entropy and the Third Law of Thermodynamics.
1 - Atomic Structure 2 - Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties 3 -Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure 4 - States of Mater: Gases and Liquids 5 - Stoichiometry 6 - Thermodynamics 7 - Chemical Equilibrium and Acids-Bases 8 - Hydrogen and Its Compounds 9 - The s-Block Elements 10 - The p-Block Elements Group 13 (Boron Family) 11 - The p-Block Elements Group 14 (Carbon Family) 12 - Environmental Chemistry 13 - Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques and Hydrocarbons