నెల్లూరు: మనుబోలు మండలం బద్వేలు క్రాస్రోడ్డు దగ్గర కారు బోల్తా, ముగ్గురికి గాయాలు|కర్నూలు: 16 వ రోజు జగన్ ప్రజా సంకల్ప యాత్ర|రంగారెడ్డి: మైలార్దేవ్పల్లిలో కింగ్స్ కాలనీలో ముస్తఫా అనే వ్యక్తిపై దుండగుల కాల్పులు|కడప: జగన్ సీఎం అయితే తన ఆస్తులు పెరుగుతాయి..చంద్రబాబు సీఎంగా ఉంటే ప్రజల ఆస్తులు పెరుగుతాయి: మంత్రి సోమిరెడ్డి|సిరిసిల్ల: అన్ని గ్రామాల్లో కేసీఆర్ గ్రామీణ ప్రగతి ప్రాంగణాలు నిర్మిస్తాం: మంత్రి కేటీఆర్|హైదరాబాద్: బంజారాహిల్స్ పోలీస్ స్టేషన్లో యూసుఫ్గూడ కార్పొరేటర్ తమ్ముడిపై కేసు నమోదు|అమరావతి: చీఫ్విప్గా పల్లె రఘునాథరెడ్డి పేరు, శాసనమండలి చీఫ్ విప్గా పయ్యావుల కేశవ్ పేరు ఖరారు|అనంతపురం: జెట్ ఎయిర్వేస్లో ఉద్యోగాల పేరుతో మోసం, రూ.14 లక్షలు వసూలు చేసిన యువకుడు|ఢిల్లీ: సరి, బేసి విధానానికి ఎన్జీటీ గ్రీన్సిగ్నల్, కాలుష్యం పెరిగినప్పుడు అమలు చేసుకోవచ్చన్న ఎన్జీటీ|శ్రీకాకుళం: వైసీపీ ఎమ్మెల్యేల గొంతు నొక్కుతున్నారు.. నిరసనగా అసెంబ్లీని బహిష్కరించాం: వైసీపీ నేత ధర్మాన
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BIOLOGY
1. Reproduction in Organisms
1.1. Asexual Reproduction
1.2. Sexual Reproduction
1.2.1. Pre-Fertilisation Events
1.2.2. Fertilisation
1.2.3. Post-Fertilisation Events
1.2.3.1. The Zygote
1.2.3.2. Embryogenesis
2. Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
2.1. Flower – A Fascinating Organ of Angiosperms
2.2. Pre-Fertilisation: Structures and Events
2.2.1. Stamen, Microsporangium and Pollen Grain
2.2.2. The Pistil, Megasporangium (Ovule) and Embryo Sac
2.3. Double Fertilisation
2.4. Post-Fertilisation: Structures and Events
2.4.1. Endosperm
2.4.2. Embryo
2.4.3. Seed
2.5. Apomixis and Polyembryony
3. Human Reproduction
3.1. The Male Reproductive System
3.2. The Female Reproductive System
3.3. Gametogenesis
3.4. Menstrual Cycle
3.5. Fertilisation and Implanation
3.5. Fertilisation and Implanation
3.6. Pregnancy and Embryonic Development
3.7. Parturition and Lactation
4. Reproductive Health
4.1. Reproductive Health – Problems and Strategies
4.1. Reproductive Health – Problems and Strategies
4.2. Population Explosion and Birth Control
4.3. Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP)
4.4. Sexual Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
4.5. Infertility
5. Principles of Inheritance and Variation
5.1. Mendel\s Laws of Inheritance
5.2. Inheritance of One Gene
5.2.1. Law of Dominance
5.2.2. Law of Segregation
5.2.2.1. Incomplete Dominance
5.2.2.2. Co-Dominance
5.3. Inheritance of Two Genes
5.3.1. Law of Independent Assortment
5.3.2. Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance
5.3.3. Linkage and Recombination
5.4. Sex Determination
5.4.1. Sex Determination in Humans
5.5. Mutation
5.6. Genetic Disorders
5.6.1. Pedigree Analysis
5.6.2. Mendelian Disorders
5.6.3. Chromosomal Disorders
6. Molecular basis of Inheritance
6.1. The DNA
6.1. Structure of Polynucleotide Chain
6.1.1. Packaging of DNA Helix
6.2. The Search for Genetic Material
6.2.1. The Genetic Materials in DNA
6.2.1. The Genetic Materials in DNA
6.2.2. Properties of Genetic Material (DNA Vs RNA)
6.2.2. Properties of Genetic Material (DNA Vs RNA)
6.3. RNA World
6.4. Replication
6.4.1. Experimental Proof
6.4.2. The Machinery and the Enzymes
6.5. Transcription
6.5.1. Transcription Unit
6.5.2. Transcription Unit and the Gene
6.5.3. Types of RNA and the Process of Transcription
6.6. Genetic Code
6.6.1. Mutations and Genetic Code
6.6.2. tRNA – The Adopter Molecule
6.7. Translation
6.8. Regulation of Gene Expression
6.8.1. The Lac Operon
6.9. Human Genome Project
6.9.1. Salient Features of Human Zenome
6.9.2. Applications and Future Challenges
6.10 DNA Finger Printing
7. Evolution
7.1. Origin of Life
7.2. Evolution of Life Forms – A Theory
7.3. What are the Evidences for Evolution?
7.4. What is Adaptive Radiation?
7.5. Biological Evolution
7.6. Mechanism of Evolution
7.7. Hardy-Weinberg Principles
7.8. A Brief Account of Evolution
7.9. Origin and Evolution of Man
8. Human Health and Disease
8.1. Common Diseases in Humans
8.2. Immunity
8.2.1. Innate Immunity
8.2.2. Acquired immunity
8.2.3. Active and Passive Immunity
8.2.4. Vaccination and Immunisation
8.2.5. Allergies
8.2.6. Auto Immunity
8.2.7. Immune System in the Body
8.3. AIDS
8.4. Cancer
8.5. Drugs and Alcohol Abuse
9. Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
9.1. Animal Husbanday
9.1.1. Management of Farms and Farm Animals
9.1.1.1. Dairy Farm Management
9.1.1.2. Poultry Farm Management
9.1.2. Animal Breeding
9.1.3. Bee-Keeping
9.1.4. Fisheries
9.2. Plant Breeding
9.3. Single Cell Protein (SCP)
9.4. Tissue Culture
10. Microbes in Human Welfare
10.1. Microbes in Household products
10.2. Microbes in Industrial Products
10.2.1. Fermented Beverages
10.2.2. Antibiotics
10.2.3. Chemicals, Enzymes and Other Bio-active Molecules
10.3. Microbes in Sewage Treatment
10.4. Microbes in Production of Bio-Gas
10.5. Microbes as Bio-control Agents
10.5. Microbes as Bio-control Agents
10.6. Microbes as Bio-Fertilisers
11. Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
11.1. Principles of Biotechnology
11.2. Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology
11.2.1. Restriction Enzymes
11.2.2. Cloning Vectors
11.2.3. Competent Host (For Transformation with Recombinant DNA)
11.3. Processes of Recombinant DNA Technology
11.3.1. Isolation of the Genetic Material (DNA)
11.3.2. Cutting of DNA at Specific Locations
11.3.3. Amplification of Gene of Interest using PCR
11.3.4. Insertion of Recombinant DNA into the Host Cell / Organism
11.3.5. Obtaining the Foreign Gene Product
11.3.6. Downstream Processing
12. Biotechnology and Its Applications
12.1. Biotechnological Applications in Agriculture
12.1. Biotechnological Applications in Agriculture
12.2. Biotechnological Applications in Medicine
12.2.1. Genetically Engineered Insulin
12.2.2. Gene Therapy
12.2.3. Molecular Diagnosis
12.3. Transgenic Animals
12.4. Ethical Issues
13. Organisms and Populations
13.1. Organism and Its Environment
13.1.1. Major Abiotic Factors
13.1.2. Responses to Abiotic Factors
13.1.2. Responses to Abiotic Factors
13.1.3. Adaptations
13.2. Populations
14. Ecosystem
14.1. Ecosystem – Structure and Function
14.2. Productivity
14.3. Decomposition
14.4. Energy Flow
14.5. Ecological Pyramids
14.6. Ecological Succession
14.6.1. Succession of Plants
14.7. Nutrient Cycling
14.7.1. Ecosystem – Carbon Cycle
14.7.2. Ecosystem – Phosphorus Cycle
14.8. Ecosystem Services
15. Biodiversity and Conservation
15.1. Biodiversity & 15.1.1. How Many Species are there on Earth and How Many in India?
15.1.2. Patterns of Biodiversity
15.1.3. The Importance of Species Diversity to the Ecosystem
15.1.4. Loss of Biodiversity
15.2. Biodiversity Conservation
15.2.1. Why Should We Conserve Biodiversity?
15.2.2. How Do We Conserve Biodiversity?
16. Environmental Issues
16.1. Air Pollution and Its Control
16.1.1. Controlling Vehicular Air Pollution: A Case Study of Delhi
16.2. Water Pollution and Its Control
16.2.1. Domestic Sewage and Industrial Effluents
16.2.2. A Case Study of Integrated |Waste Water Treatment
16.3. Solid Wastes & 16.3.1. Case Study of Remedy for Plastic Waste
16.4. Agro-Chemicals and Their Effects
16.4.1. Case Study of Organic Farming
16.5. Radio Active Wastes
16.6. Green House Effect and Global Warming
16.7. Ozone Depletion in the Stratosphere
16.8. Degradation by Improper Resource Utilisation and Maintenance
16.9. Deforestation
16.9.1. Case Study of People's Participation in Conservation of Forests